AIM: What are some methods used by psychologists to study the brain? DO NOW: Go over p. 34 – 39 Brain Injury What is the significance of the story of Phineas Gage? How did he contribute to our understanding of the human brain. Homework: Read packet pps. 42 – 47 and answer questions

Phineas Gage Our knowledge of the localization of function first started with accident survivors./ wounded war veterans https://www.learner.org/resources/series142.html

Before Modern Imaging Technology.. Psychologists studied about the brain with… Case Studies/ Accidents (war veterans) Autopsy Animal Lesion Studies

Lobotomy Earlier - Drill Hole in Skull Then - Cut nerves between frontal lobes and rest of brain designed by Moniz – worked on monkeys. Reduced anger, anxiety, limited their learning Transorbital – “ice pick like object” inserted through eye socket Uncontrollable were controlled but left like “vegetables”.

Lesions Cutting into the brain and looking for change. Brain tumors also lesion brain tissue.

ELECTRICAL STIMULATION Wilder Penfield – Maps out Somatosensory & Motor Cortex

Brain Imaging Technology Task: Read about one of these methods and….. What does the acronym stand for? How it works? What information does it provide about the brain? TECHNOLOGY: EEG CAT MRI PET Functional MRI MEG

EEG It measures and records the electrical activity of your brain. Shows brain waves (levels of consciousness, activity levels) No structure or function Special electrodes are attached to your head. The computer records your brain's electrical activity on the screen or on paper as wavy lines.

ELECTRICAL STIMULATION

CT Scan

CAT X-ray beams passed through the head. This method creates cross-sectional images of the brain. Shows the structure of the brain, but not its function.

PET Scan Scanner detects radioactive material that is injected or inhaled to produce an image of the brain. Shows functioning of brain.

MRI Detects radio frequency signals produced by displaced radio waves in a magnetic field. Provides an anatomical view of the brain.

FMRI Detects changes in blood flow to particular areas of the brain. It provides both an anatomical and a functional view of the brain. Combines MRI & PET scan Shows both structure & function