Degrees of Compulsion होना – Normal need चाहिये – Moral Compulsion पड़ना – External Compulsion Copyright © 2009 Jishnu Shankar Credited downloads allowed for non-commercial purposes

Credits and References Authentic Materials presented with permission from: Name Source Hindustan Hindustan e-paper - http://epaper.hindustandainik.com/Default.aspx Nai Dunia Leading  National Hindi Daily, published from Delhi and other major cities of India - http://epaper.naidunia.com/epapermain.aspx References Snell, Rupert and Simon Weightman. 2003. Teach Yourself Hindi. Chicago: McGraw Hill. Jain, Usha. 1995. Introduction to Hindi Grammar. Berkeley: University of California. McGregor, R. S. 1995. Outline of Hindi Grammar. New York: Oxford University Press.

होना Expressive of positive obligation, but lacking the pressure evident in पड़ना. Examples follow.

होना

होना

चाहिये

चाहिये Indicates wish or necessity. Occurs with: A) obliqued nouns or pronouns, expressing want or need. B) infinitive form of verbs or subjunctives, expressing desirability. Examples follow.

चाहिये

चाहिये

पड़ना

पड़ना

पड़ना Expresses the strongest compulsion or obligation. Examples follow.

पड़ना

जो वादा किया वो निभाना पड़ेगा ... पड़ना जो वादा किया वो निभाना पड़ेगा ... Film: Taj Mahal. 1963. Pushpa Pictures, India. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3o9fkfZgXk

अभ्यास Snell and Weightman. 2003. Teach Yourself Hindi: Exercise 13.a.1, page 172. Exercise 13.a.2, page 172. Jain, Usha. 1995. Introduction to Hindi Grammar: Exercises 1-18, pages 223-230.