European Foundations Supporting Research and Innovation: ISTR Stockholm 2016 Philanthropy to support R&I European Foundations Supporting Research and Innovation: Facts, Feelings and Fantasies Results of the EUFORI Study René Bekkers & Barbara Gouwenberg Center for Philanthropic Studies Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam www.giving.nl | www.euforistudy.eu | www.vu.nl | www.ernop.eu

1 synthesis report & 29 country reports Philanthropy to support R&I www.euforistudy.eu

Purpose EUFORI Study EUFORI Study Philanthropy to support R&I “To quantify and assess foundations’ financial support and policies for research and innovation in the EU, make a comparative analysis between EU27 Member States (and Norway and Switzerland), and identify trends and the potential for future developments in this sector”.

Main conclusions Philanthropy to support R&I 1 A considerable amount of research money: 5 billion Euros A skewed landscape of foundations A young and growing sector A fragmented landscape of foundations Variations in terms of R&I activity between countries in Europe

Strengths: foundation level Raising the public’s interest and disseminating research Support niches; underdeveloped areas Foundations as innovators Sustainability and flexibility

Weaknesses: foundation level Financial dependence of many (small) foundations Lack of professional foundation governance Lack of research identity, dialogue and visibility

Country differences in R&I foundation activity Philanthropy to support R&I Country differences in R&I foundation activity

Foundations’ R&I Expenditure   Total R&I expenditure: EUR 5 014 million N=991  

Philanthropy to support R&I

Philanthropy to support R&I

Philanthropy to support R&I

Philanthropy to support R&I Correlations % Grant making Endowed R&I expenditure .54 .65 Grant making .75 In countries with higher levels of spending on R&I by foundations, foundations are more often grant making (rather than operating), and receive income from an endowment.

Philanthropy to support R&I

Philanthropy to support R&I

How to increase the potential of R&I Foundations in Europe? Philanthropy to support R&I Recommendations EUFORI Study: 1 Increase visibility of foundations 2 Explore synergies of collaboration 3 Create financially resilient foundations 4 Improve fiscal and legal system

Philanthropy to support R&I Next steps?

High-level expert group on philanthropy and social investments Next policy steps? High-level expert group on philanthropy and social investments HORIZON 2016-2017 Working Program

Thank you very much for your attention! Philanthropy to support R&I Thank you very much for your attention! More information r.bekkers@vu.nl b.m.gouwenberg@vu.nl www.giving.nl | www.euforistudy.eu | www.vu.nl

Identification of R&I Foundations Philanthropy to support R&I

Identification of R&I Foundations Philanthropy to support R&I R&I Foundations in Europe ? Potential R&I foundations identified in EUFORI Study 12 941 R&I foundations in EUFORI dataset 1 591 Financial statistics of R&I foundations approx. 1 000

Philanthropy to support R&I Main Results

A relatively young and growing sector

A fragmented landscape of R&I foundations

Foundations’ statistics Income 18.1 billion Euros (N=1134) Assets 126.7 billion Euros (N=1052) Expenditure 10 billion Euros (N=1117)

5 billion Euros Expenditure to R&I Research: 4.5 billion Euros N=991 Innovation: 0.5 billion Euros Lower bound estimate

Skewness in R&I expenditure 1% of foundations is responsible for 47% of R&I expenditure % of foundations % of R&I expenditure