Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis

Background Information Producers: are able to convert the sun’s energy into glucose through a process called photosynthesis Include plants, some protists and bacteria AKA autotrophs Photosynthesis requires a special set of pigments called chlorophylls to trap the sunlight in order to make glucose from the water and CO2 from the atmosphere

Background Information (con’t.) Consumers: eat producers or other consumers in order to get the stored glucose to use for their own needs Includes animals, some protists & bacteria Consumers are AKA heterotrophs Fungus, bacteria and some protists are part of a specialized group of consumers AKA decomposers (AKA saprophytes) that eat dead organic material

Food Chain Vocabulary

Food Webs Food webs are simply overlapping food chains Food webs are complex diagrams showing the relationships between many different organisms

Energy Potential energy is stored energy that could be used for work The chemical energy stored between the bonds of atoms is a type of PE. All bonds (ATP, sugar, protein, lipid) store energy Kinetic energy is energy of motion, work being done Kinetic energy that does not get work done is called thermal energy (heat) When bonds are broken, some of the energy is released as heat

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

ATP ATP is broken down to release the energy between the high energy bonds of the phosphate groups ATP  ADP + Pi ATP is required for cells to do their work and is made from food ATP can be made from spare phosphate groups and ADP ADP + Pi  ATP This process is called cellular respiration and occurs in the mitochondrion of eukaryotic cells

ATP Review ATP is the energy ‘currency’ of your cells All foods entering the body convert the chemical energy stored between their bonds into the high energy bonds between the phosphate groups of ATP The reason for this is that ATP is a very small molecule This allows a large amount of energy to be used quickly and easily in the cell ATP’s small size also allows it to travel quickly throughout the cell

Cellular Respiration Results in ATP production Occurs in the mitochondrion The mitochondrion has an inner membrane AKA the cristae (the folds) The center of the mitochondrion is called the matrix

Cellular Respiration Aerobic Respiration Requires oxygen which acts as the ‘final electron acceptor’ in the ets Requires a mitochondrion Results in 38 ATP per glucose molecule Eukaryotes Anaerobic Respiration Does not require oxygen Does not require a mitochondrion Results in 2 ATP per glucose molecule Prokaryotes (and eukaryotes in certain situations)

Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis General Equation for photosynthesis: CO2 + H20-chlorophyll Glucose + O2 Notice that the products of photosynthesis are the reactants of aerobic respiration

Chloroplast Thylakoids are the individual chlorophyll containing structures A granum is a stack of thylakoids The stroma is the fluid surrounding the thylakoids

Leaf Cross Section

Photosynthesis

The Carbon Cycle Carbon is cycled throughout the environment in part through the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration Carbon is stored in organic material, rocks (limestone), and in the atmosphere

The Carbon Cycle