Farid Safi, Portfolio Manager, BORDA Afghanistan 23rd November 2016 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Afghanistan Conference on Sanitation 2016 Decentralized Sanitation Solution for Urban Environments in Afghanistan With the permission of respected participants and colleagues, Now I will present a short presentation on “Decentralized Sanitation Solution for Urban Environments in Afghanistan”. I will start my presentation with a brief overview of BORDA organization and then will shortly describe the current situation of sanitation in large cities of Afghanistan. Then I will elaborate on DEWATS as solution for the urban environments in Afghanistan and the approach of BORDA for dissemination of DEWATS systems. Farid Safi, Portfolio Manager, BORDA Afghanistan 23rd November 2016

BORDA Overview Not-for-profit German NGO founded in 1977 Projects in AFG started in 2011 HQ in Kabul and the projects are in Kabul, Mazar, Bamyan, Herat and Jalal Abad German Development Organization in the field of environmental sanitation Mission: To improve the living conditions of disadvantages communities and protect the environment through Basic Needs Services in the areas of decentralized sanitation, solid waste and wastewater management, water and energy supply Working in 24 countries

BORDA’s Portfolio in Afghanistan DEWATS Biogas WASH & HIE Supporting private sector development Capacity Development 2011up to now Demonstration of DEWATS system for wastewater treatment in urban areas of Afghanistan Demonstration and implementation of biogas system in rural areas for treatment of animal manure and supply of clean gas for cooking and bio-slurry for farming. Capacity development of government stakeholders and SME’s in the field of sanitation Implementation of WASH projects in Schools And supporting of private sector companies to deliver Sanitation services

Current Scenario/ Challenges As explained by my colleagues Mr. Darmal, the sanitation situation in large cities of Afghanistan is critical, almost 90% of wastewater is untreated and is unsafely managed due to; Poor sanitation infrastructure Weak legislation and regulations for sanitation systems Lack of performance incentives to deliver sanitation services Weak integration of waste water needs in strategic planning and investment Which causes environmental and ground water pollution and health problems. That is why, we needs to urgently focus on this crisis and safe our health and environment from the impact of unsafe sanitation.

Decentralized Urban Sanitation There are two types of sanitation or wastewater treatment methods, which are Offsite ( Centralized) wastewater treatments systems and Onsite (Decentralized) wastewater treatment systems. Each of the methods has there own advantages and disadvantages. In short, Offsite ( Centralized) systems needs sewer network, reliable water supply, high technical skills, more budget and more energy supply. On the other hand, the Onsite (Decentralized) systems doesn’t need a large sewer network, can work with low water availability and requires less technical skills and less budget. Looking to the inadequate technical and financial capacity of the government of Afghanistan, Onsite systems are more feasible and appropriate as an immediate and short term solution for the problem of sanitation in Afghanistan. The onsite systems are lined and unlined structures, which are selected as per the characteristics of location, settlement and size.

On-site treatment: DEWATS Primary Treatment Secondary Treatment Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System “DEWATS” is an effective, efficient and affordable wastewater treatment solution for Afghanistan. DEWATS is a technical approach rather than just a technology package which incorporates lessons learned from the limitations of conventional centralized and decentralized wastewater-treatment systems.   DEWATS consists of primary, secondary and tertiary treatment units which are combined according to specific requirements depending on the characteristics of wastewater, the desired quality of treated wastewater and site conditions. Advantages of DEWATS are; No electrical energy required Low operating costs Low maintenance needs Low sludge production in ABR & AF Long service life High reduction of BOD Can be built underground Cons Requires expert design Low reduction of pathogens and nutrients in AF and ABR Effluent and sludge require further treatment and/or discharge option Tertiary Treatment

This slide shows the results of a DEWATS system, the treated WW from different compartments of DEWATS are shown in these bottles, as you can see the Treated WW from PGF is very clear with low turbidity and organic load.

Reuse Options & Resource Conservation Treated Wastewater Biogas Sludge Waste water The treated wastewater from DEWATS could be reused for irrigation and also ground water recharge. If we use the biogas digester as primary treatment unit, we could use the gas produced for cooking. The sludge produced in settler and other compartments of DEWATS systems could be further treat in FSTPs and could be used a fertilizer in agriculture.

BORDA Approach for dissemination of DEWATS Implementation of demonstration projects and awareness raising Capacity building Initiation of Prefabricated DEWATS systems Code of Practice for HH DEWATS O&M Guidelines Research and Development Integrate DWWT into urban planning/ citywide sanitation planning

Demonstration projects Individual houses Institutions (Offices, hospitals, Mosque and schools) Real states

Demonstration projects DEWATS 39 Conventional - 23 Pre-Fab - 16 Biogas 23 Conventional - 17 Pre-Fab - 5 Total – 62

Capacity Building SMEs and Local craftsmen Governmental organizations Academic trainings

DEWATS Biogas Capacity Building 1877 204 Total – 2081 Engineers Training- 137 Vocational students Training- 821 Biogas 204 Craftsmen Training - 391 Engineers Training- 108 Craftsmen Training - 96 Total – 2081

Impacts of Capacity Development Creation of permanent jobs in the field of sanitation Awareness and demand for decentralized sanitation solutions increased DEWATS as viable option for Afghanistan proven Initial steps for scaling-up, sanitation service delivery chains and integration of DWWT into urban planning laid Qasaba housing complex in Kabul (13000 inhabitants)

THANK YOU!