Pg. 22 RTW: How did the Polynesians contribute to oceanography? Monday, September 18 Pg. 22 RTW: How did the Polynesians contribute to oceanography? Objective: I will be able to explain the major contributions to oceanography Agenda: Turn in Fakebook Scientific Exploration Notes (pg. 23/25) Homework: Review for Unit 2- Test Friday!

Scientific Explorations http://dl.nfsa.gov.au/module/1318/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4VZi-fhSlQ&safe=active http://fadlmedia.s3.amazonaws.com/cook/clips/cookchro_bb.mp4

By the mid 18th century quite a bit was known about the world’s geography but not much scientific information. Some questions: How deep is the sea? What causes the currents? What natural resources does the ocean contain?

James Cook (mid 1700’s) Figured out how to prevent scurvy. (Vitamin C) 1st to use chronometer to figure out longitude.

Cornelius Drebbel- Created 1st submarine http://www.dutchsubmarines.com/specials/special_drebbel.htm

Benjamin Franklin US postmaster, wanted to know why it took longer for mail to come from Europe to America than vice versa Later he drew an accurate map of the Gulf Stream William Bourne, a British mathematician came up with the design for the 1st submarine, but Drebbel created it.

Matthew Maury- American Naval Officer “The Father of Oceanography” 1855 analyzed the logbooks of navy ships and published the first books on oceanography called: The Physical Geography of the Sea

Thomas Jefferson (1807) Authorized Survey of the Coast (the predecessor to NOAA) NOAA- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Charles Darwin- Naturalist 1831, sailed on the HMS Beagle goal was to map the western coastline of South America Found new species of plants and animals. Came up with the Theory of Coral Reef Development

Theory of Coral Reef Development

Galapagos Tortoise

Marine Iguana http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qd-1_CjgGCQ&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VfZQfCkKuKM&safe=active

HMS Challenger- 1873-1876 Led by Sir Charles Thompson Led the most successful ocean expedition devoted exclusively to scientific study Collected water, sediment, and temp data Identified more than 4700 new species of marine organisms Discovered the “Challenger Deep” in the Mariana’s trench. (over 35,000 ft. deep)

Technology Advancements in Marine Science Submersibles

Diving Vessels Also called submersibles ROVs= Remotely Operated Vehicles (tethered) AUVs= Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (un-tethered) Bathysphere, allowed aquanauts to go to deeper depths Bathyscaphe is a steel un-tethered submersible that could be controlled. Deepest dive in history (1960). Alvin is a self-propelled machine with mechanical arms that can pick up specimens and can carry three humans JASON, a robot, does not carry people

The Bathysphere

1880 to 1950 V. Walfrid Ekman – Figured out the Ekman Spirals and Ekman Layer Fridtjof Nansen – Made the Nansen Bottle. Now people could take samples of water from different depths of water. Beebe and Barton – First bathysphere to 4,000 feet Steel sphere at the end of a long cable (tethered)

Marie Thorp and Bruce Heezen – made the first map of the ocean bottom and provided evidence for the theory of Continental Drift. Auguste Piccard – First bathyscaphe to reach the bottom of the Mariana's Trench at 35,800 feet.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGzaUiutuRk&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0mBG0LbAoqk&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dC0hXmO9Phs&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XX7WdfCgnM&safe=active

This trip was made in 1960 and wasn’t repeated until 2012 This trip was made in 1960 and wasn’t repeated until 2012!! The decent took 4 hours and 48 minutes. Don Walsh and Jacques Piccard inside Trieste

The Meteor, a German ship, 25 months on Atlantic ocean using sonar Sonar- sound navigation ranging mapped the ocean floor revealing many different depths and features

Exploring the Ocean with Personal Diving Equipment Under world called Inner Space 2500 B.C., glass was discovered and the first mask was made In the 17th century a diving chamber/bell was invented Later came a diving suit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oxWFqwFHXoo&safe=active

1837 1797

1855

The Modern Scuba Tank 1943- Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan made final improvements A tank with compressed air was developed that was strapped on the diver’s back air breathed through a regulator marketed as the aqua-lung S.C.U.B.A- Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus.

SCUBA Kitty

RTW pg. 22 Who is the “father of physical oceanography”? What did Benjamin Franklin hypothesize about what was happening to the mail between England and America? What did Thomas Jefferson authorize? What was Charles Darwin’s goal? What did he also do? Who discovered the “Challenger Deep”?

Homework: Start reviewing for Test on Friday Tuesday, September 19 Objective: I will be able to explain the major contributions to oceanography Agenda: Start Jigsaw- Technology Homework: Start reviewing for Test on Friday History of Exploration Scientific Contributions Submersibles

Notebook Check 1 & 2: RTWs (10) ____ Notes (30) ____ Pg #’s & TOC (10) ____ Horoscope Activity (10) ____ Pseudoscience ?s (10) ____ Jigsaw Submersible (30) ____ Total ____/100

Pg. 24 Jigsaw Submersibles Groups: ROVs AUVs GPS and other satellites SCUBA SONAR *Group the following into ROV or AUVs: Trieste- Challenger Deep, Alvin- hydrothermal vents & Titanic site, Johnson Sealink- panoramic view ROVs AUVs SCUBA SONAR GPS & Satellites

What to Cover What is this technology? (definition & short explanation) When was it invented/established How has it contributed to the study of the ocean? (research, findings, missions, etc.) Interesting facts Who invented it? Future use? Misc.

Pg. 22: Who discovered a cure for scurvy and what was the cure? Wednesday, September 20 Pg. 22: Who discovered a cure for scurvy and what was the cure? Objective: I will be able to explain the major contributions to oceanography Agenda: Finish Jigsaw Homework: Start reviewing Unit 2 Test on Friday History of Exploration Scientific Contributions Submersibles

Jigsaw Submersibles Day 2 Wednesday, September 20 Jigsaw Submersibles Day 2 Now that you are an expert on your topic… We will be getting into new groups composed of representatives from #1-5 (one person from AUVs, ROVs, GPS, SCUBA, & SONAR) In these groups you will: Explain what you found in your group, teaching them the material. Write notes about the other groups as they tell you what they found. Feel free to ask questions to each other to understand the concepts.

Thursday, September 21 Did You Know? The largest octopus weighs about 15kg (Octopus dofleini). An Octopus has three hearts and it can squeeze through a hole the size of a 10-cent coin. Hapalochlaena species can inject enough venom in one bite to kill several adult humans. They can adopt a two-tentacles "walk" that frees up their six remaining limbs and makes them look like an armed vehicle. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BULXKrzLhig&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=orrdcwTuXmQ&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBdkduR9VdQ&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=os6HD-sCRn8&safe=active

Objective: Agenda: Homework: Thursday, September 21 Objective: I will be able to explain the major contributions to oceanography Agenda: REVIEW for Unit 2 Test Homework: Study for Unit 2 Test and organize notebook

Friday, September 22 Grab clicker and put notebook on front table, ALL bags/phones up front until everyone finishes test. Objective: I will be able to explain the major contributions to oceanography Agenda: Unit 2 Test Homework: None 