Carbon in Life and Materials CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER Carbon in Life and Materials the BIG idea Carbon is essential to living things and to modern materials. 5.1 Carbon-based molecules have many structures. 5.2 Carbon-based molecules are life’s building blocks. 5.3 Carbon-based molecules are in many materials. CHAPTER OUTLINE

5.1 Single Bond Double Bond Triple Bond Carbon-based molecules have many structures. Carbon forms a large number of different compounds because of the number of bonds it can make with other atoms. organic compound inorganic compound H C isomer Single Bond H C Double Bond Triple Bond H C SECTION OUTLINE

5.1 Carbon-based molecules have many structures. Carbon forms a large number of different compounds because of the number of bonds it can make with other atoms. organic compound inorganic compound Carbon can form chains and rings. Hexane isomer CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 Vanillin CH O CH3 OH SECTION OUTLINE

Carbon-based molecules are life’s building blocks. 5.2 Carbon-based molecules are life’s building blocks. There are four main types of carbon-based molecules in living things. carbohydrate Carbon-Based Molecules lipid protein Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids • include sugars and starches • energy for cells • plant cell walls • include fats and oils • energy for cells • cell membranes • function depends on order of amino acids • structure, transport, immune system, enzymes • DNA • carries genetic code • sequence of three DNA bases is the code for an amino acid enzyme nucleic acid SECTION OUTLINE

Carbon-based molecules are in many materials. 5.3 Carbon-based molecules are in many materials. Carbon from ancient organisms is used to make many common items, such as clothing and plastics. hydrocarbon polymer monomer plastic SECTION OUTLINE

Carbon-based molecules are in many materials. 5.3 Carbon-based molecules are in many materials. Carbon from ancient organisms is used to make many common items, such as clothing and plastics. hydrocarbon These items are based on polymers. polymer monomer plastic Monomer CH2 CH CH3 Polymer CH2 CH CH3 SECTION OUTLINE

5.1 Carbon-based molecules have many structures. I. Carbon-based molecules have many structures. organic compound A. Living and nonliving things contain carbon. inorganic compound B. Carbon forms many different compounds. isomer 1. Carbon Chains 2. Carbon Rings 3. Isomers KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Carbon-based molecules are life’s building blocks. 5.2 Carbon-based molecules are life’s building blocks. II. Carbon-based molecules are life’s building blocks. carbohydrate A. Carbon-based molecules have many functions in living things. lipid protein B. Living things contain four major types of carbon-based molecules. enzyme nucleic acid 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Carbon-based molecules are in many materials. 5.3 Carbon-based molecules are in many materials. III. Carbon-based molecules are in many materials. hydrocarbon A. Carbon-based compounds from ancient organisms are used to make new materials. polymer monomer B. Polymers contain repeating carbon-based units. plastic 1. Formation of Polymers 2. Plastics 3. Designing Materials KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY