Cryosphere Physical basis of climate spring 2011 Snowball Earth Current cryosphere Polar regions Glaciers Sea level
Dropstone from neoproterozoic ice berg dropped into banded iron layers Kerr, Sci, 2000. Bands form as iron comes out of solution due to influx of oxygen either from exposure to atmosphere or O2 released from cyanobacteria.
kiloyears Abrupt end of glacial deposits 10 Ma
Kilo years 10 Ma
Agung Fuego El Chichon Pinatubo
Western coast Greenland 1978 2004 1958 2003 Peru 1941 2004 Arctic Alaska Glacier Bay Alaska Western coast Greenland
This NASA image shows the formation of numerous glacial lakes at the termini of receding glaciers in Bhutan-Himalaya.
Grinnell Glacier Glacier NP, 1938 1981 2009