Lecture 2 Ms. Earl Health 1.

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture 2 Ms. Earl Health 1

Carbohydrates = CHO C Carbohydrates H Hydrogen O Oxygen

Functions of CHO Provide energy 4Kcal/g Spare Protein -Allows protein to build structure 3. Participate in fat metabolism -Fat burns in the flame of CHO -Fat is used more efficiently if CHO is present -If not enough CHO, excess fat is metabolized, form ketones: is bad, could turn into diabetes 4. Provide bulk -Fiber does this

Types of CHO Sugars (Simple CHO) Starches (Complex CHO)

Sugars Monosaccharides 1 unit of sugar. Cannot be broken down by digestion a) glucose (dextrose) – “blood sugar” b) fructose – from fruit c) galactose – part of lactose B. Disaccharides 2 units of sugar a) sucrose = glucose + fructose (table sugar) b) lactose = glucose + galactose (milk sugar) c) maltose = glucose + glucose (in grains of beer)

Sugars Continued C. Sugar Alcohol D. Oligosaccharides 3-10 units of sugar found in beans, onions, and cabbage E. Pollysaccharides many sugar units (more than 10) mostly glucose

Starches many glucose units Plant Starch grains and vegetables B. Animal Starch glycogen found in liver muscles, humans make this C. Fiber plant food components

Types of Fiber Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water 2. Soluble fiver dissolves in water or swells in water No RDA for CHO

Protein Function of Protein Build Structure Regulate Processes Energy RDA for Protein 0.8 pro/kg Amino Acids the building blocks of proteins 20 Amino Acids in a diet. 9 are essentials we need 11 nonessential, our bodies make them

Protein Deficiency Marasmus – starvation muscle loss Kwashiorkor – body becomes swollen. Poor growth