Regional Perspectives of Community-Based Energy THIRD REGIONAL NETWORKING FORUM Community-Based Integrated Energy Initiatives (CBEI) – The Way Forward for Thailand and her Neighbors Sap Tai, 20 September 2016 Regional Perspectives of Community-Based Energy Dr. Ludovic Lacrosse, Dr. Tran Quang Cu Full Advantage Co., Ltd.

AMS commitments to RE

Overall Framework All ASEAN Member States (AMS) give a high priority on providing their citizens access to electricity. Around 20% of ASEAN population (around 120 million people) remain without access to electricity (almost 80% live in rural and remote areas). There were many successful as well as unsuccessful rural electrification approaches that need to be shared between AMSs. Lessons learned

Main aspects for RuE 1) Stable and predictable policy framework and reliable support policies. 2) Feasible financing mechanism. 3) Sustainable project setup and business models. 4) Appropriate and affordable technology solutions. 5) Proper address of socio-economic aspects and community involvement. 6) Continuous training and capacity building.

Mini Hydropower in Indonesia

Solar Home Systems In Cambodia

Biogas system in Myanmar

Hybrid solar/diesel in Vietnam

Conclusions/Recommendations (2) Keep community organization small and functional (reputable local members) Role of women in decision making/pricing (household energy managers) Community ownership (management, affordability,…) Standard M&E procedures (baseline) Success = replication + scaling-up + sustainability

Solar home systems in Lao PDR

Solar home systems in Lao DPR

Main project activities involving community Planning (energy needs, available resources, design,…) Implementation (local organisation, construction, commissioning,…) Operation, maintenance & management (O,M &M)

PROJECT PLANNING Community need assessment Pre-feasibility study Design

Community need assessment Current access to energy Energy needs Potential electricity demand - household - local businesses

Project pre-feasibility study Existing renewable energy resources Socio-economic impact Environmental impact Technology acceptance Community contributions Management setup Site selection

Project design Technology selection Technical skills for O&M Beneficiaries Ownership Institutional/business model Organisation & management

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION Community organization setup Construction Commissioning and handing over

Community organization setup Supervision and monitoring committee/ Investment committee/cooperative Training and capacity building - operators - managers

Project construction In-kind contributions - land, - labour, - materials. Monitoring of construction works

Commissioning and handing over Monitoring of commissioning and performance tests Handing over process to community - duration

PROJECT OPERATION, MAINTENANCE & MANAGEMENT Operation, Maintenance & Management (O, M & M) Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E)

Operation, Maintenance & Management O & M planning and organisation Staff recruitment Setup of management structure, including financial management (fee collection, payment of salaries, profit sharing,…) Capacity building (technical/managerial)

Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Technical performance Financial performance Socio-economic impact Environmental impact

IMPACT OF RURAL ELECTRIFICATION Economic (job creation, income generation, business development,…) Social (access to new services, health, education, …) Environmental

Economic Impact Job creation - direct (workers, operators, managers, …) - indirect (new businesses) Income generation/productive use of energy - household, handicraft, local businesses Energy cost reduction Community development (poverty reduction)

Social Impact Household use of electricity (lighting, cooking, TV/radio, pumping, food preservation,…) Health benefits (clinics, less smoke when cooking, lighting, TV health programmes,…) Education (school facilities, longer study time, TV news & documentaries,…) Community activities

Environmental Impact Locally - Household (smoke reduction) - Forest conservation Globally (GHG emission reduction)

Conclusions/Recommendations (1) Strong involvement of local communities in all stages (initiation, planning, implementation, O,M & M, M&E) Participatory approach (regular meetings, transparency, records,….) Benefits: better design, strong local support (labour, in-kind,…) Local ownership/sustainability Role of women associations

Conclusions/Recommendations (2) Keep community organization small and functional (reputable local members) Role of women in decision making/pricing (household energy managers) Community ownership (management, affordability,…) Standard M&E procedures (baseline) Success = replication + scaling-up + sustainability

RuE with mini-hydro power in Vietnam Source: Vietnam-Sweden Rural Energy (VSRE) Project (2005-2010)

RuE with 500 kW biomass gasifier in Cambodia Source: Ankur

RuE with Solar Home System in Lao PDR Source: Sunlabob (http://www.sunlabob.com)

RuE with rice husk gasifier in Myanmar Source: http://www.mmbiztoday.com/articles/impact-investing-and-entrepreneurship-can-help-take-myanmar-next-level

Competent service at its best About the “ASEAN Guideline on Off-Grid Rural Electrification Approaches” Competent service at its best

Off-grid Rural Electrification “ASEAN Guideline on Off-grid Rural Electrification Approaches (2013)” (http://www.aseanenergy.org/resources/publications/asean-guideline-on-off-grid-rural-electrification-approaches).

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