Buddhism Buddhism began in the 4th Century B.C.E. It is a philosophy that began as a movement to reform Hinduism and eliminate the caste system.

Founder: Siddhartha Gautama, Also known as Buddha = “enlightened one”

Beliefs No gods No formal rituals/Priests No castes/Everyone is EQUAL Reincarnation Four Noble Truths Tripitaka: “Three Baskets of Wisdom” is a written collection of Buddha’s teachings.

Practices Meditation: Yoga, mandala, chants, and rock gardens - free the mind of thoughts Eight Fold Path Non-violence Vegetarians Not materialistic Buddhist Monks live/study in monasteries

Four Noble Truths In all life there is suffering, pain, & sorrow. The cause of suffering is the attachment to desire. The only cure for suffering is to eliminate the attachment desire. The only way to end desire is to follow the Eightfold Path. The eight-spoked wheel represents the eight paths to Enlightenment.

“The Little Wave” See cartoon. Read as class Answer questions 1 & 2 on your own 3. How are humans like the little wave?

Eightfold Path The guide to right behavior: - Know that suffering is caused by desire. Be selfless and love all life. Do not lie, or speak without cause. Do not kill, steal, or commit other unrighteous acts. Do not do things which promote evil. Take effort to promote righteousness. Be aware of your physical actions, state of mind, and emotions. Learn to meditate. (Each spoke on the wheel of life symbolizes on of the teachings of the eight fold path)

Eightfold Path: Right conduct stresses compassion, love for all creatures, charity, kindness, tolerance, truthfulness, meditation, wisdom and nonviolence. Middle Way: A way of life that avoids the extremes of over-indulgence and complete self-denial.

Ultimate Goals of Buddhism The state of intellectual, spiritual perfection is enlightenment. Nirvana: ends the cycle of rebirth, your soul joins with the universe. (full acceptance of imperfection, impermanence, & interconnectedness)

Stupa: stone monument

Sects: branches of a religion/belief system of Buddhism Theravada – South East Asia; Only monks could meditate. Mahayana – China, Japan, Korea; All can meditate Zen – Japan; Tibetan – Tibet; Focus on helping others achieve enlightenment

Dalai Lama – spiritual leader of Tibet (Buddhist) led a world wide movement to gain Tibetan rights. Tibet: A region of Western China that wants independence

Buddhas of Bamiyan were 4th- and 5th-century statues carved from the sandstone cliffs. They were destroyed in March 2001 by the Taliban. Drawing 1832 by Alexander Burnes https://www.nbcnews.com/video/flashback-the-destruction-of-the-buddhas-of-bamiyan-409457219869

2017 Holograph projection

Compare & contrast by listing the beliefs & practices of Hinduism & Buddhism Similarities Hinduism Buddhism

Ahimsa = (Non-violence) Compare & contrast by listing the beliefs & practices of Hinduism & Buddhism Similarities Hinduism Buddhism No caste/Equality No Gods 4 Noble Truths 8 Fold Path Goal: Enlightenment & Nirvana Stupa (Monks-monasteries) Middle Way Meditation Tripitaka (Three Baskets of Wisdom) Founder: Buddha/Siddhartha Gautama Caste system (Each person had rules & rights) Polytheistic Dharma Goal: Moksha Priests & Prayer Temples Purification bathe in Ganges Vedas No founder: it evolved from Aryans INDIA Reincarnation Karma Ahimsa = (Non-violence) Vegetarianism End to cycle of rebirth Religion Philosophy