Civil War 1861-1865

Advantages of North and South at the Start of the Civil War better weapons banking, factories, ships railroads larger navy larger population – 22 million Abraham Lincoln South trading relationships experienced military leaders long coastline defensive war belief in their cause

Disadvantages of the North and the South at the Start of the Civil War inexperienced soldiers divided opinion offensive war unfamiliar territory inexperienced and incompetent generals South smaller navy smaller population – 6 million free citizens little industry or manufacturing

Union Leaders Abraham Lincoln President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant leading General for the U.S. Army

Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of America Confederate Leaders Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of America Robert E. Lee leading General for the Confederate States of America Army

Key Individuals Philip Bazaar General “Stonewall Jackson” Battle of Manassas commanding 22,000 Confederate soldiers forced Union army to retreat skill on battlefield inspired his soldiers one of the best Confederate commanders Philip Bazaar Battle of Fort Fisher member of Union Navy USS Santiago de Cuba carried dispatches during battle while under heavy Confederate gunfire for his acts of bravery became first Hispanic American to be awarded Congressional Medal of Honor William Carney Battle of Fort Wagner member of 54th Massachusetts Regiment one of the first major battles in which the Union army used black soldiers for his acts of bravery became first African American to be awarded Congressional Medal of Honor

First Battle: Fort Sumter, South Carolina April 12, 1861 Federal Fort in Charleston Harbor, SC President Lincoln sending supplies Confederate leaders attacked 36 hours of fighting no causalities

Battle of Manassas/bull run, Virginia July 21, 1861 first major battle (fighting) of civil war Union forces retreated driven back by “Stonewall” Jackson defeat crushed Union hopes for winning the war quickly

Anaconda plan Union plan for victory to strangle the south economically and militarily Three major components: Blockade the southern coastline to stop the export of trade goods and import of supplies Capture the Confederate capital – Richmond, VA Gain control of the Mississippi River and “split” the Confederacy

Emancipation proclamation January 1, 1863 issued by President Abraham Lincoln declared that “all persons held as slaves” within the rebellious states “are and henceforward shall be free” only applied to states that had seceded from the Union, leaving slavery untouched in the loyal border states

Turning Point #1: Gettysburg, Pennsylvania July 1-3, 1863 Union victory over 50,000 rebel and union soldiers died part of Robert E. Lee’s plan to invade the north attempt to cut off Washington, D.C. Lee needed the victory to bolster southern confidence and secure British aid South never again able to go on the offensive against the North

Turning Point #2: Vicksburg, Mississippi May 18 – July 3, 1863 Union victory in Mississippi River Valley split Confederacy from east to west last major city on Mississippi that was not under Union control

The Gettysburg Address A cemetery was built at the Gettysburg battlefield for the soldiers who died there. At a ceremony meant to officially dedicate the cemetery President Lincoln gave a speech that is now known as the Gettysburg Address. The address expressed to the people what the purpose and meaning of the war had become.

Lincoln’s 2nd Inauguration: March 4, 1865 “With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan - to do all which may achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations” (Abraham Lincoln, 2nd Inaugural Address, March 4, 1865)

Surrender: appomattox court house, Virginia April 9, 1865 General Lee surrendered to General Grant all Confederate soldiers pardoned all Confederate arms collected by Union troops as captured property

War Casualties 1,030,000 casualties 620,000 deaths More Americans died during the Civil War than all other American wars combined.

Devastation of the South Although the war was over, there was much to be done to rebuild the country. Many of the Southern cities had been completely devastated and would have to be rebuilt. Over 600,000 Americans had been killed or wounded. It would take many years to restore the country.

Richmond, Virginia

Charleston, South Carolina

Atlanta, Georgia

Death of Lincoln – April 14, 1865 Just as the Civil War ended, President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln was shot in the back of the head while he was at the theater. Booth escaped, but was captured a few days later. Lincoln was carried out of the theater to a house across the street. He died the next morning.

Death of Lincoln

Death of Lincoln

Lincoln’s Funeral