The Harlem Renaissance

Ida B Wells Writer/Journalist Fought for Anti-Lynching Laws to pass through literature Had her office and house burned or threatened by white supremacists before she left to Harlem

LYNCHINGS

Harlem Business

Philanthropist and Activist

Madam CJ Walker 1910 “I am a woman who came from the cotton fields from the South. From there I was promoted to the washtub. From there I was promoted to the cook kitchen. From there I promoted myself into the business of manufacturing hair foods and preparations. I have built my own factory from my own ground.”

Level 3 Questions Realize that the standard of beauty is euro-centric. Do you think that hair straighteners and surgery to look more white makes is good/bad?

Marcus Garvey

UNIA – Universal Negro Improvement Association

The Black Star Line

The African Orthodox Church

Level 3 Question If you lived in the 1920s, would you follow Marcus Garvey’s movement? Explain Back to Africa Support only black businesses No interracial mixing We are beautiful! Black Pride!

BOOKER T.WASHINGTON Believed Black Community will win respect through economic success Created the Tuskegee Institute to train A.A. for vocational jobs

Tuskegee Institute

Level 3 Question Booker T. Washington felt that the best way for African Americans to gain respect is to work hard through manual labor and skilled work. What is your plan?

W.E.B. Dubois Believed Black community will gain respect by getting a higher education (college) Believed the Talented 10th should lead the AA group to a respectable level “Souls of Black Folk” – Double Consciousness

After the Egyptian and Indian, the Greek and Roman, the Teuton and Mongolian, the Negro is a sort of seventh son, born with a veil, and gifted with second-sight in this American world,--a world which yields him no true self-consciousness, but only lets him see himself through the revelation of the other world. It is a peculiar sensation, this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others, of measuring one's soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his twoness,--an American, a Negro; two warring souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder. The history of the American Negro is the history of this strife,--this longing to attain self-conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self. ...

Level 3 Question Reflect on the term “double consciousness” – where you are looking at yourself through the eyes of society. Do you catch yourself doing this? Are you acting a certain way because that is how society views you?

Savoy Ballroom

The Cotton Club – Whites Only

CAB CALLOWAY

LENA HORNE

Duke Ellington

Dorothy Dandridge

Billy “Bojangles” Robinson Tap dancer Actor

Ethel Waters

Level 3 Question If you were one of the only persons of your race at your college, what would you do to stay mentally strong and in the game?

Level 3 Question Do you think race-specific colonies in the United States would be a beneficial set up for a racist America? Explain

James Weldon Johnson – writer and activist

Lift every voice and sing, till earth and Heaven ring, Ring with the harmonies of liberty; Let our rejoicing rise, high as the listening skies, Let it resound loud as the rolling sea. Sing a song full of the faith that the dark past has taught us, Sing a song full of the hope that the present has brought us; Facing the rising sun of our new day begun, Let us march on till victory is won. Stony the road we trod, bitter the chastening rod, Felt in the days when hope unborn had died; Yet with a steady beat, have not our weary feet, Come to the place for which our fathers sighed? We have come over a way that with tears has been watered, We have come, treading our path through the blood of the slaughtered; Out from the gloomy past, till now we stand at last Where the white gleam of our bright star is cast. God of our weary years, God of our silent tears, Thou Who hast brought us thus far on the way; Thou Who hast by Thy might, led us into the light, Keep us forever in the path, we pray. Lest our feet stray from the places, our God, where we met Thee. Lest our hearts, drunk with the wine of the world, we forget Thee. Shadowed beneath Thy hand, may we forever stand, True to our God, true to our native land.

Level 3 Question Do you think music made by African Americans today uplifts or degrades the people? What is your opinion of popular artists today and their music?