CHAPTER 3: THE EMERGENCE OF COLONIAL SOCIETIES, 1625-1700

AP FOCUS Similarities and differences amongst the colonial regions, focusing on: Geography Politics Economics Religion Social structure Religious toleration and separation of church and state Impact of Puritanism Indentured servitude and chattel slavery Native Americans perspective of colonial expansion Colonial unrest

The Thirteen Colonies

New England Colonies mostly Puritan success through both agriculture and commerce

Middle Colonies diverse in populations/ culture main export: cereal crops and tobacco labor intensive economy fueled by indentured servants & chattel slavery

Chesapeake & Southern Colonies staple crops (tobacco, sugar) large population of enslaved Africans labor intensive economy built around chattel slavery

Chesapeake Society Tobacco Shapes a Region, 1630–1670 Headright system- Landowners would receive an extra 50 acres of land for every servant imported

Chesapeake Society Bacon’s Rebellion, 1675-1676 Gov. Berkeley (Tidewater Aristocrats) vs. Nathaniel Bacon (back country farmers)

Chesapeake Society From Servitude to Slavery 1700- 22% of population is slave, 80% of unfree labor

“British- American” System of Slavery Rigid racial hierarchy The Atlantic Slave Trade grows due to: 1. an abundance of land 2. a shortage of indentured servants 3. no means to enslave native people 4. growing European demand for colonial goods

Puritanism in New England “A City Upon a Hill” John Winthrop- Gov. Mass. Bay Colony Massachucetts extends voting rights to all adult male “saints”