What makes the difference for TETRA? - a technology overview TETRA Malaysian Conference Kuala Lumpur May 2005 Risto Toikkanen Vice chairman / TETRA MoU Association 13.05.2005

What makes the difference? TETRA differentiates in 2 areas: A Technical superiority B New dynamic business approach Making the difference in technology The standard The technology Multi-vendor interoperability Innovation

Market trends in radio Increased use of mobile data from voice to combined voice & data Increased telephony connectivity Data and text messaging Shared multi-agency networks Increased security requirements Seamless nationwide service coverage Need for better radio spectrum efficiency

2. The standard Creating an open telecommunications standard takes time and effort, but it also gives new benefits to users and industry

The standard TETRA is the first and so far only digital PMR standard that has created an open and competed multi-vendor market TETRA standards were made Open, created by European Telecommunication Standards Institute - ETSI On vendor neutral ground – creating level playfield By multiple strong players contributing and competing For an open market where techno-economical merits count Successfully

2. The technology Telecommunication standards are about defining open interfaces TETRA air interface TETRA Direct Mode air interface (DMO) TETRA Inter-System interface (ISI) TETRA Peripheral Equipment Interface (PEI)

The best PMR air interface Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA) spectrum efficiency, 4 channels in 25 kHz good support for full duplex and cell handovers allows simultaneous/alternating voice + data Resilient and secure vocoder designed to filter out background noise robust channel coding and signalling to allow fast group call set-ups without acknowledgements TDMA allows signalling during traffic – emergency call always through

Combined voice + data TETRA gives all in one Ready applications status messaging short data messaging, text messaging IP packet data, in one or multiple slots TETRA Release 2 will bring much higher bit rates Ready applications good basis for application development Status and SDS for fast response, short message, group use IP data for bigger data volumes hundreds of ready applications from partners

The ultimate security Made for mission critical use authentication of radios (and/or networks) air interface encryption with 4 purpose-built algorithms the only way to protect user identities and signalling static or dynamic encryption keys, dynamic key changes frequently end-to-end encryption, support for national algorithms remote disabling of stolen radios alternatively on-line monitoring by Ambience Listening jamming detection

3. Multi-vendor interoperability TETRA is the first PMR technology thet created a truly open multi-vendor market

Benefits of open multi-vendor market User benefits wide choice of compatible certified terminals specialised product for special needs continuous and genuine competition less dependency - lower risk of market disturbances Industry benefits wider market, bigger volumes more possibility to invest – faster product creation longer lifetime of market TETRA MoU Association runs the IOP certification process to guarantee open multi-vendor market

TETRA Interoperability certification “Process to ensure that equipment from multiple vendors are compatible” Problem-free operation Wanted functionality In practice it is about protocol conformance TETRA Interoperability The TETRA Interoperability (IOP) concentrates on technical interoperability certification of multi-vendor TETRA equipment. Successful IOP certification is fundamental in creation of open multi-vendor market. Open multi-vendor market is fundamental for the success of TETRA - and it has happened

TETRA IOP Certification process ACCEPTED into OPERATION (Also need CE mark or TA) STANDARDS CERTIFICATE TMO AI group DMO AI group ISI group (PEI group) MoU MoU Operator/User Association Technical Forum Members’ Enquiry Certification Body ISCTI *) – Rome/Italy approx 12 suppliers TEST PLANS TIP SPECS *) Instituto Superiore delle Comunicazioni e tecnologie dell'Informazione

TETRA IOP achievements (1) TETRA Interoperability Profile (TIP) documents available to members – in total 28 TIP specifications published by today TETRA Interoperability Test Plan documents available to members – in total 15 Test Plan documents published or agreed Certification test sessions arranged at manufacturer’s premises to run the test cases specified in the Test Plans TETRA IOP Certificates are public documents and published at the TETRA MoU website – 69 certificates published in 2004 and 16 during 1Q 2005 Most customers today require their equipment supplier to provide IOP certificates on the features they purchase

TETRA IOP achievements (2) Tested products from: Cleartone DeTeWe/FWK Frequentis IFR (tester) Marconi/OTE Motorola Niros Nokia Rohde & Schwarz Rohill Simoco/Sepura Teltronic Thales Certificates at: www.tetramou.com TETRA IOP certification results 7 companies have received TETRA infrastructure certificates 9 companies have received TETRA terminal certificates in trunked mode 6 companies have received TETRA DMO certificates THE AMOUNT OF CERTIFICATES VARIES BETWEEN COMPANIES – AND IS GROWING - see status lists in handout package

Competition is the key driver of innovation

Handset innovations Only open competition can boost this amount of Who else can do this – TETRA already does: Which other PMR technology delivers handsets with integral GPS receiver today? Which other PMR technology delivers handsets with 65 000 colour display today? Which other PMR technology delivers handsets with web & WAP browsers today? Quick questionnaire in TETRA seminar in Oslo March 2005 revealed close to 30 new TETRA terminal models being launched during the last 3 years Only open competition can boost this amount of handset innovations and R&D investment

Radio access innovations New base station models introduced: receiver technology today’s receiver is mainly software (SDR) sensitivity increase by ~6 dB by Rx design multi-receiver diversity cross-polarisation antennae uplink sensitivity of TETRA base stations improved drastically can rise from –106 dBm to – 115 dBm or so important with handsets By improved receiver technology the perceived coverage advantage of FDMA technologies disappears.

Core network flexibility Optimal products to all sizes: single site systems at optimal cost rapid deployment systems big carrier grade switches with up to 1000 channels for wide area networks Core network architectures: both voice & (IP) data delivered circuit switched IP packet data core & circuit switched voice IP network for both voice & data Extra benefit: Interoperability between networks via the TETRA ISI TETRA standard gave industry the toolkit to optimise architectures to fit everyone’s needs.

Conclusions TETRA created multi-vendor market for PMR 1. Standard open global standard with rich features 2. Technology the best for combined voice + data 3. Interoperability TETRA made multi-vendor supply reality 4. Innovation TETRA demonstrates fastest product development

Additional handout information Available TIP specifications and IOP Test Plans Published TETRA IOP certificates System Manufacturers Terminal Manufacturers Status as per May 2005

TTR 001 – Air Interface TIP Specifications IOP Test plans part 1: Core v.4.8 yes (new upd) part 2: Short Data Service yes part 3: Dynamic Group Number Assignment yes part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated & mutual) yes/SwMI init. part 5: Packet Data (single slot & multislot) (new past ME) part 6: Air Interface migration phase 1 + 2 yes (new) part 7: Fleet Specific Short Number Dialling yes part 8: RF loop back no part 9: Ambience Listening yes part 10: E-t-e encryption w Clear Voice Override yes part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK) yes part 12: Service Interaction yes (new) part 13: AI enable/disable no TTR = TETRA MoU Technical Report part 14: TETRA Key Distribution no part 15: Call Authorised by Dispatcher passed ME part 16: Air to ground no part 17: Radio User Assignment no

TTR 002 – Direct Mode Operation TIP Specifications IOP Test plans DMO TIP v.2 part 1: core Group call with pre-emption and change over Individual call Status messaging Intrinsic services Random access Transition DM->TM->DM yes Part 2: DMO gateway passed ME TTR = TETRA MoU Technical Report, ME = Members’ Enquiry Part 3: DMO repeater passed ME Part 4: DMO e-t-e encryption passed ME Part x: DMO static encryption no

TTR 003 – Inter-System-Interface TIP Specifications IOP Test plans Part 1: Mobility management – including authentication no Part 2: Individual call – including simplex/duplex and TPI past ME Part 3: Short Data Service (status and text message) no Part 4: Lower layers no Part 5-1: Circuit Mode transmission (voice frame format) no Part 5-2: Packet Mode transmission (voice frame format) no Part 6: Group call no TTR = TETRA MoU Technical Report

System certification Air interface Frequentis Motorola Teltronic R&S Bick Nokia OTE Rohill Air interface part 1: Core (v. 3) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes part 2: Short Data Service yes yes yes yes yes yes yes part 3: Dynamic Group Number Assignment yes yes yes - yes - yes part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated) yes yes yes yes yes - yes part 5: Packet Data (single slot) yes yes - yes - yes yes part 7: Fleet Specific Short Number Dialling yes - - - - - - part 9: Ambience Listening yes yes - - - - - part 10: E-t-e encryption w Clear Voice Override yes - yes - - - - part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK) yes yes yes - yes - yes

Terminal certification Motorola Teltronic Cleartone DeTeWe Sepura Nokia Thales OTE Niros Air interface part 1: Core (v. 3) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes part 2: Short Data Service yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes part 3: Dynamic Group Number Assignment yes yes yes yes yes yes - - - part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes - part 5: Packet Data (single slot) yes yes yes yes yes yes - - - part 7: Fleet Specific Short Number Dialling yes - - yes - - - - - part 9: Ambience Listening yes yes - yes - - - yes - part 10: E-t-e encryption w CVO - yes yes - - - - yes - part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes - Direct Mode Operation part 1: Core v. 2 yes yes yes yes yes yes - - -

Nokia system & IOP terminals Nokia TETRA System Nokia Motorola OTE Teltronic Cleartone Sepura DeTeWe Thales Niros Air interface part 1: Core (v. 3) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes part 2: SDS yes yes yes yes yes yes yes - yes yes part 3: DGNA yes yes yes yes yes yes yes - - - part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes - part 5: Packet Data (single slot) yes yes yes yes yes yes - - - - part 7: FSSN yes yes - - yes - yes - - - part 9: Ambience Listening yes yes yes - yes - - - yes - part 10: E-t-e encryption w CVO yes - yes yes - - - - yes - part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes - yes -

Motorola system & IOP terminals Nokia Motorola OTE Teltronic Cleartone Sepura DeTeWe Thales Niros Dimetra IP Air interface part 1: Core (v. 3) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes part 2: SDS yes yes yes yes yes yes yes - - yes part 3: DGNA yes yes yes yes yes yes yes - - - part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes - part 5: Packet Data (single slot) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes - - - part 7: FSSN - part 9: Ambience Listening yes yes yes - yes - - - - - part 10: E-t-e encryption w CVO - part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes -

OTE system & IOP terminals Nokia Motorola OTE Teltronic Cleartone Sepura DeTeWe Thales Niros Elettra Air interface part 1: Core (v. 3) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes part 2: SDS yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes part 3: DGNA yes yes yes yes yes yes yes - part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes part 5: Packet Data (single slot) - part 7: FSSN - part 9: Ambience Listening - part 10: E-t-e encryption w CVO yes - - yes - - - - part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes

Rohill system & IOP terminals Nokia Motorola OTE Teltronic Cleartone Sepura DeTeWe Thales Niros TETRANode Air interface part 1: Core (v. 3) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes part 2: SDS yes yes yes yes yes yes yes part 3: DGNA yes yes yes yes yes yes yes part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes part 5: Packet Data (single slot) yes yes yes - yes yes - part 7: FSSN - part 9: Ambience Listening - part 10: E-t-e encryption w CVO - part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes

Teltronic system & IOP terminals Nokia Motorola OTE Teltronic Cleartone Sepura DeTeWe Thales Niros Nebula Air interface part 1: Core (v. 3) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes part 2: SDS yes yes yes yes yes yes yes part 3: DGNA - part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated) yes yes yes yes yes yes - part 5: Packet Data (single slot) yes yes yes - yes - - part 7: FSSN - part 9: Ambience Listening - part 10: E-t-e encryption w CVO - part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK) -

Frequentis system & IOP terminals Nokia Motorola OTE Teltronic Cleartone Sepura DeTeWe Thales Niros Dimetra Compact Air interface part 1: Core (v. 3) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes part 2: SDS yes yes yes yes yes yes - yes part 3: DGNA - part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated) - part 5: Packet Data (single slot) yes yes yes - yes - - - part 7: FSSN - part 9: Ambience Listening - part 10: E-t-e encryption w CVO - part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK) -

Rhode&Schwarz Bick Mobilfunk system & IOP terminals Nokia Motorola OTE Teltronic Cleartone Sepura DeTeWe Thales Niros Accessnet-T Air interface part 1: Core (v. 3) yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes part 2: SDS yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes part 3: DGNA yes yes yes yes yes - yes yes part 4: Authentication (SwMI initiated) yes yes yes yes yes - yes yes part 5: Packet Data (single slot) - part 7: FSSN - part 9: Ambience Listening - part 10: E-t-e encryption w CVO - part 11: AI encryption (SCK,DCK) yes yes yes yes yes - yes -