Contribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in blood–brain barrier disruption during acute focal cerebral ischemia in normal rat  Mohammad T. Mohammadi, S. Mostafa Shid-Moosavi, Gholam A. Dehghani  Pathophysiology  Volume 19, Issue 1, Pages 13-20 (February 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2011.07.003 Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 The average mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in Sham, Control, l-Arginine and l-NAME groups of rats. All values are mean±SEM. *Significantly different from l-Arginine group only during reperfusion (p<0.05). Pathophysiology 2012 19, 13-20DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2011.07.003) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF; % from baseline) before and during MCAO, and the first 15-min reperfusion period in Sham, Control, l-Arginine and l-NAME groups of rats. All values are mean±SEM. *Significantly different from Sham group (p<0.05). Pathophysiology 2012 19, 13-20DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2011.07.003) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Neurological deficit score (NDS) after 12h reperfusion in Control, l-Arginine and l-NAME groups of rats. All values are mean±SEM. *Significantly different from Control and l-Arginine groups (p<0.05). Pathophysiology 2012 19, 13-20DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2011.07.003) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Effects of l-Arginine and l-NAME on the cerebral infarct volume (mm3). All values are mean±SEM. *Significantly different from Control and l-Arginine groups (p<0.05). Pathophysiology 2012 19, 13-20DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2011.07.003) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Brain water content (BWC) of right and left hemispheres of Sham and ischemic rats of Control, l-Arginine and l-NAME groups. All values are mean±SEM. *Significantly different from Sham and their own left hemispheres (p<0.05). +Significantly different from ipsilateral hemispheres of Control and l-Arginine groups (p<0.05). Pathophysiology 2012 19, 13-20DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2011.07.003) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Edema formation (%) and tissue swelling of lesioned hemispheres (%) in Control, l-Arginine and l-NAME groups. All values are mean±SEM. *Significantly different from Control and l-Arginine groups (p<0.05). Pathophysiology 2012 19, 13-20DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2011.07.003) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Photograph of rats’ brain that received an IV infusion of EB. In A (Sham group) the BBB was intact and the EB extravasation was absent. The bluish colors of the right hemispheres of ischemic rats show the occurrence of BBB disruption in B (Control), C (l-Arginine) and D (l-NAME groups). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) Pathophysiology 2012 19, 13-20DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2011.07.003) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 8 EB concentrations (μg/g) in the brain tissues of the left and the right hemispheres of Sham, Control, l-Arginine and l-NAME groups. All values are mean±SEM. *Significantly different from Sham and their own left hemispheres (p<0.05) +Significantly different from ipsilateral hemisphere of Control and l-Arginine groups (p<0.05). Pathophysiology 2012 19, 13-20DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2011.07.003) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions