Opening Question (11/17/10) What is the Magna Carta? What is English Civil Law? What is trial by jury? What is Parlaiment? New Discussion Board Question is up on Unit VI page of Class Website (Due by the 23rd) First Quarter Test is on Tuesday

Development of Rights for the Englishman 11.21.08

Lets Review… Absolutism – Ruler has complete control over government and people’s lives Divine Right – The ruler’s right to rule come directly from God. How did they do this Centralize power into their own hands Limit the power of the nobles Raise large armies Reform taxes so that came directly to ruler

France and Russia Cardinal Richelieu – Chief Minister of Louis XIII who wanted make King more powerful Louis XIV – model of absolute power, limits nobles and extends his power Palace of Versailles – symbol of Absolutism – Louis XIV and Nobles live there Peter the Great – Russian Czar, consolidates power into his hands, “Westernizes” Russia Westernization – modernizing one’s country to be more like the Western European powers

Foundations of Rights for the English People Magna Carta (1215) Gave English a common law (King must consult with nobles and acknowledge their basic rights) Trial by Jury granted to Englishmen Parliament Established to give people a voice in running of country House of Commons and House of Lords

Line of English Rulers Henry VIII > Edward IV > Mary > Elizabeth I > James I > Charles I > Charles II > James II

Monarchs Relations with Parliament Henry VIII – (1509-1547) Used Parliament to make England a Protestant Nation. (Act of Supremacy) The acts that were created strengthened Parliament and people now viewed Parliament as a check to the Kings power. It was now believed that Parliament represented the needs and concern of the people. Elizabeth I – (1558-1603) Considered the “Golden Age” in Modern English history Managed Parliament skillfully. Obtained taxes but did not let Parliament become too influential. Did allow freedom of speech in Parliament. Puritans in Parliament challenged her power though 1588 – led England to victory over Spanish Armada (officially renamed the Church of England (now known as Anglican Church)

These Goobers did not get along with Parliament James I – (1603-1625) Strong supporter of Anglican Church. This angered Puritans in Parliament. Because of this James I could not get enough support to collect enough taxes for his programs. A failed attempt to create a treaty with Spain (Catholic Nation) further angers Parliament and strains relations between Parliament and the royal family. Charles I – (1625-1649) Believed he should rule absolutely (Divine Right!) Charles I (1625-1646) tries assert his authority over country and Parliament Refuses to call Parliament from 1629-1640 By 1640 Charles I needs Parliament for money so he can go to war Parliament tries to reverse Charles I policies 1642 Charles I tries to storm Parliament and take over

English Civil War (1642-1646) Parliament goes to war with Charles I Cavaliers vs. Roundheads Parliament is united by Oliver Cromwell Parliament ends up winning and executes Charles I (hurts the idea of divine right) Oliver Cromwell takes over country and declares himself “Lord Protector” Reminds people of a dictator or King 

The English Commonwealth (1649-53) – No Monarchy Cromwell assumed control of the country and it was decided Parliament would rule alone

Monarchy Restored (1660) Cromwell dies (1658) English not very happy with his rule Decide to invite back Charles II to be King Reestablish Monarch v. Parliament balance of Power Yet Charles II and his son James II prove to be problematic Both have Catholic tendencies and try to assert absolute power James II even tries to make a secret deal with Louis XIV

Glorious Revolution (1688) – called this because there was very little bloodshed Parliament decides to invite William of Orange (Dutch Prince) and his wife Mary (Eldest daughter of Charles II) to invade England and overthrow James II James cannot stop William and Mary and flees to France William and Mary are offered the Throne on one condition…

English Bill of Rights (1689) Basic Components King could not levy taxes or raise and army without Parliament’s approval Had to abide by Parliaments decisions Free elections for Parliament seats Officially makes England a Limited Monarchy Parliament now more powerful than King Written Law of English People (Constitution) Influences the US Constitution and Bill of Rights System comes to be called Constitutionalism Changes the way people perceive the power and right to rule of Kings

What idea did the execution of Charles I challenge? End of Day Question (11.20) Question: How was the age of absolutism different in England from the era in France in Russia? Why was it different? What idea did the execution of Charles I challenge? How did the Glorious Revolution in England change the relationship between Parliament and the King?

Answer England’s monarchs were unable to achieve absolute power because of the Magna Carta and Parliament. Divine Right of Rulers After the Glorious Revolution Parliament starts to become more powerful than the Monarch in England