Objectives Locate physical features of Huang He River Valley Civilization on a map Identify and explain GRAPES characteristics of Huang He River Valley Civilization

China Huang He River Civilization

Geography Important features: Mountains Himalayas Rivers Huang He Yangtze Deserts Taklamakan Gobi Geography How did these physical features affect the development of ancient Chinese civilizations?

Mountains, Deserts, Ocean: -Provided protection from invaders -isolated, no trade with outsiders Rivers: -Provided water and fertile soil -Huang He River had unpredictable flooding -Loess= silt blown by the wind; brings nutrients to soil -Colored the river yellow, giving it the name “Yellow River”

Huang He River also called “China’s Sorrow” because of its history of devastating floods

Taklamakan Desert with snow

The Gobi Desert

The Yangtze River

Religious Beliefs Religion Ancestor worship: Deceased ancestors could bring good fortune or disaster Also worshipped gods Shang Di= supreme god The Chinese consulted the gods using oracle bones.

The bones were then heated Religion Questions were scratched into turtle shells The bones were then heated The cracks in the shell were then interpreted to see the gods’ answers Oracle bone

Achievements Chinese writing developed from pictographs (drawings of objects) The system used today is related to writings found on oracle bones from Shang dynasty

There is no connection between written and spoken Chinese Achievements There is no connection between written and spoken Chinese Advantage: Someone can read Chinese without knowing how to speak it Love A common language developed during the Zhou Dynasty – Mandarin Chinese

Achievements -Shang dynasty used bronze for weapons and pottery -Bronze chariots were also used in battle

Achievements Silk production began during the Shang dynasty and was popular with nobles and upper classes Silk thread from silkworms is woven to make beautiful cloth

Achievements During the Zhou Dynasty: Built roads and canals Developed blast furnaces that allowed them to produce cast iron

The first civilizations emerged on the Huang He River around 2000 BCE Political Hereditary Rule The ruler’s son became the ruler after the ruler died Ruling power stayed in the family China’s earliest governments were dynasties What is a dynasty?

There were three dynasties in Ancient China: Political 1. The first dynasty was the Xia -little is known; no written records 2. The Shang dynasty followed -many artifacts and writings were found in its capital city of Anyang

Anyang Surrounded by a massive wall – 118 feet wide and 1.2 miles What can you conclude about their government? Political Artifacts included the chariot and bronze weapons Ruled by a king

Some houses were larger and enclosed within the wall Anyang Some houses were larger and enclosed within the wall Others were poorly constructed and were outside the wall. Talk to your neighbor. Who lived within the walls and who lived outside the walls?

By 1027 BCE, the Shang Dynasty was overthrown and the third dynasty began called the Zhou Dynasty. Political Zhou rulers justified their use of force by claiming that they had the “Mandate of Heaven”

Ancient Dynasties of China Political 256 BCE 1532 BCE 1027 BCE Zhou Dynasty begins Shang Dynasty Qin Dynasty Era of Warring States Almost 900 years of rule Over time, the Zhou government became de-centralized and regional nobles gained more and more power. A system of feudalism developed. What is feudalism?

Feudalism: government system regional landowners give land to warriors in exchange for loyalty and protection Political

geography affect its economy? Talk to your neighbor. How did China’s geography affect its economy? Talk to your neighbor. Because of China’s isolation by natural barriers, there was not much trade outside of China Its economy was agricultural

-Rice became the basis of Asian diet Economy During the Zhou dynasty, China gained crop diversity: grains and led to rise in population -Rice became the basis of Asian diet

Because China was geographically isolated, it did not trade with other civilizations until Classical period (500 BCE-500 CE) Economy During this time, China traded along the Silk Road and Indian Ocean routes Porcelain

Iron was used for weapons and farm tools which expanded agriculture for China’s growing cities Coined money also developed during the Zhou Dynasty Economy

From its earliest history, Chinese culture emphasized: Society/Culture From its earliest history, Chinese culture emphasized: Importance of family The group is more important than the individual

Society Society was made of nobles and peasants The nobles= owned land The peasants= worked the land for the nobles

Society Women were expected to obey their fathers and husbands Their marriages were arranged when they were 13-15 years old The most important job for a woman was to produce a son Society

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