Criminal Investigation Unit 1 Lecture Lecturer- Fred D. Collie Criminal Investigation Unit 1 Lecture

Course Outcomes Unit Assignment Outcome Unit 3 Unit 3 PowerPoint Identify the types of evidence and their importance to the investigative process. Unit 5 Midterm Identify the fundamentals of criminal investigation Unit 7 Unit 7 Quiz Describe basic investigative techniques Unit 9 Unit 9 Final Essay Illustrate the ethical and legal preparations required for successful prosecution of a case. Identify the ethical issues within the field of study.

This Week’s Deliverables Review Key Terms Introduce Yourself to Your Classmates Read Chapters 1 and 2 in Criminal Investigation Attend Seminar (20) Respond to the Discussion Board (30 Points) Take The Quiz 30 points Complete you Learning Journal 5 Points

Administrative Issues How do I access my Text?

Course E- Book

Download and copy each Chapter to your computer and a thumb drive

1. A detective must operate on the assumption that every case will go to trial; however, only a few cases that are investigated and solved eventually go to trial. (Points : 2) True False

1. A detective must operate on the assumption that every case will go to trial; however, only a few cases that are investigated and solved eventually go to trial. (Points : 2) True False

READ Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read

Doc Sharing- Your Syllabus

Doc Sharing- Seminar PowerPoints

Administrative Issues How do I access my Text? How do I do well in the Seminars?

How do I do Well in the Seminars? Read your Chapters prior to the Seminar Arrive 10 minutes early Dedicate the hour to the Seminar Have your text and notes in front of you Ask Questions Respond to Instructor Questions Additional Suggestions?

Seminars

Participation Question? How do you plan to do well in the Seminars?

READ Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read

Administrative Issues How do I access my Text? How do I do well in the seminars? When are my assignments due?

When are my Assignments Due? Easter Time (ET) is the standard at Kaplan. All times mentioned are Eastern time The academic week starts on Wednesday at 1 second after Midnight and ends at Midnight on the following Tuesday All assignments are due by the end of the academic week in which the unit falls; therefore, assignments are due on Tuesday by Midnight If your assignment is going to be late, contact me so we can work something out.

Weekly Assignments

How do well on the Discussion Boards Your text should ALWAYS be your first source.

Always Use APA in-text Citations Avoiding Plagiarism Always Use APA in-text Citations

Responding to Questions Define Define the concept or term. Ensure that you properly cite your definition Explain Explain the term or concept using the course material and common, practical terms Provide Examples Provide practical examples that connect the academic material to the real world.

What is Criminalistics? Osterburg and Ward describe criminalistics as “the branch of forensic science concerned with the recording, scientific examination, and interpretation of the minute details to be found in physical evidence” (Osterburg & Ward, 2010, p. 22). Through criminalistics scientists or technicians identify items used in criminal acts such as substances, objects or instruments. Once identified, scientist or technician can then connect the substances, objects, or instruments to a crime. For example, if an investigator discovers and collects fingerprints during a burglary investigation, those fingerprints will be classified and entered into the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS). If a match is found with an existing print in AFIS, that match establishes that the person connected to the fingerprints was at the location where the burglary was committed thus connecting a person (suspect) to a location where a crime was committed. Osterburg, J. W., & Ward, R. H. (2010). Criminal Investigation: for Reconstructing the Past (6th ed.). New Providence, NJ: Matthew Bender & Company, Inc.

Your text should ALWAYS be your first source

Learning Journal For me only, in this class only, 50-100 words is fine- just hit the high points.

Administrative Issues How do I access my Text? How do I do well in the seminars? When are my assignments due? How do I contact my Instructor if I need help?

How do I contact my instructor if I need help? E-mail- fcollie@kaplan.edu Office hours Monday, 7:00 P.M. - 8:00 P.M. ET - (AIM) Sunday, 8:00 P.M. – 9:00 P.M. ET - (AIM) AIM when you see me online Other times as arranged

Administrative Issues Are there any additional questions? Are you confident that you know how to do well in this course? How many of you have read you syllabus?

Participation Question? How do you plan to do well in this course? What three things will you do to help ensure your success?

Criminal Investigation Unit 1 Lecture Lecturer- Fred D. Collie

Responsibilities of the Investigator Determine whether a crime has been committed. Decide if the crime was committed within the investigator’s jurisdiction. Discover all facts pertaining to the complaint. Gather and preserve physical evidence. Develop and follow up all clues. Recover stolen property. (Osterburg & Ward, 2010, pp. 5-6)

Responsibilities of the Investigator Identify the perpetrator or eliminate a suspect as the perpetrator. Locate and apprehend the perpetrator. Aid in the prosecution of the offender by providing evidence of guilt that is admissible in court. Testify effectively as a witness in court. (Osterburg & Ward, 2010, pp. 5-6)

Responsibilities of the Investigator Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? (Osterburg & Ward, 2010)

The Crime Triangle (Center for Problem Oriented Policing, 2011)

Physical Evidence (Osterburg & Ward 2010, p. 39)

Criminalistics Criminalistics, the branch of forensic science concerned with the recording, scientific examination, and interpretation of the minute details to be found in physical evidence, is directed toward the following ends: To identify a substance, object, or instrument. To establish a connection between physical evidence, the victim, the suspect, and potential crime scenes. To reconstruct how a crime was committed and what happened at the time it was being committed. To get at the details regarding the analysis of bloodstain patterns (distribution, location, size, and shape) or to determine the trajectory of a bullet and gun-to-target range, training and experience is a must. To protect the innocent by developing evidence that may exonerate a suspect. To provide expert testimony in court. (Osterburg & Ward, 2010, p. 22)

Criminalistics Disciplines Wet chemistry Instrumental chemistry Firearms and tool marks Questioned documents Fingerprints Photography Lie detection Voice spectroscopy Osterburg & Ward, 2007

Identification vs. Identity The classification process by which an entity is placed in a pre-defined, limited or restricted class (Osterburg & Ward 2010, p. 36) Identity Extends the classification process to the point at which the entity is in a class by itself—a class of one (Osterburg & Ward 2010, p. 36). Established when the physical evidence is linked to the suspect

Role of the Crime Laboratory Help establish elements of a crime Link the crime scene or victim to the perpetrator (associative evidence) Reconstruct how the crime was committed Induce an admission or confession Protect the innocent Provide expert testimony in court Osterburg & Ward, 2007

Clue Materials as Information Sources Fingerprints Firearms Blood Semen, other biological material (DNA profiling) Document examinations Glass Trace evidence

Comparison Microscope A microscope is used to compare tool marks as well as bullets and cartridges (Osterburg & Ward, 2010, p. 60).

Rules of Evidence The evidence rules followed in the federal and state courts of the United States today are products of a combination of legislative acts and court decisions. For practical purposes the rules of evidence are rules of exclusion Relevancy is concerned with whether there is a connection between the evidence and the issue to be proved. Relevant evidence tends to prove or disprove a fact.  Materiality is concerned with whether the evidence is sufficiently important to influence the outcome of the issue being contested. Does it throw enough new light on the issue to warrant taking the time for its presentation and consideration? Competency is concerned with the quality and kind of evidence being offered (or the person offering it). Competent evidence is that which is admissible under the rules of evidence for the purpose of proving a relevant fact. (Osterburg & Ward, 2010, pp. 328-329)

Forensic Science A fairly new, all-encompassing term, characterizes the scientific examination of evidence (Osterburg & Ward, 2010, p. 21).

Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) A national fingerprint and criminal history system maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division. The AFIS provides automated fingerprint search capabilities, latent searching capability, electronic image storage, and electronic exchange of fingerprints and responses, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. As a result of submitting fingerprints electronically, agencies receive electronic responses to criminal ten-print fingerprint submissions within two hours and within 24 hours for civil fingerprint submissions.

Chapter 13: Reconstructing the Past: Methods, Evidence, Examples

Sources of Information People Physical Evidence Records Osterburg & Ward, 2007

Definitions INDUCTION DEDUCTION CLASSIFICATION specific > general a posteriori reasoning DEDUCTION general > specific a priori reasoning CLASSIFICATION systematic arrangement of objects into categories based on shared characteristics

Definitions SYNTHESIS the combining of separate parts or elements ANALYSIS separating a whole into parts for individual study HYPOTHESIS an assertion that tentatively accounts for a set of facts THEORY a somewhat verified hypothesis, with assumptions chosen to fit empirical knowledge Osterburg & Ward, 2010

The Scientific Method State the problem Form the hypothesis Collect data by observing and experimenting Interpret data as a test of the hypothesis If data support hypothesis so far, collect additional data Draw conclusions Osterburg & Ward, 2007

Criminal Investigation Unit 1 Lecture Lecturer- Fred D. Collie