L02. Making Crude Oil More Useful Lesson Outcomes APP AF2,AF3 PLTS effective participators, reflective learners HSW 1d, 3a, 4a, 4b How I did Targets Task 1: Describe how large hydrocarbon molecules may be converted into smaller ones Grade C Task 2: Explain why cracking is carried out. Grade B Task 3: Discuss in simple terms the political problems associated with the exploitation of crude oil. Grade A/A* Connector: (Grade D) How is oil obtained? List some of the environmental problems involved.

Write down a question based on these photos Then share this with a small group. Presentation_002, the photomontage of oil spills. Ask students to write down a question based on the photos, then share this with a small group. Groups feed back their favourite question to the rest of the class for discussion.

Does cleaning a bird’s feathers help? What happens when water is dripped onto a bird’s feather? What substance is used to remove the crude oil from a bird’s feathers? What effect does this have on the bird’s feathers? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KddYr4l6bqQ

Supply and Demand Task Sheet Due date: Homework Homework task: Supply and Demand Task Sheet Due date: Criteria for Grade C: Criteria for Grade B: Criteria for Grade A/A*:

BIG picture What skills will you be developing this lesson? Numeracy Literacy  Team work  Self management  Creative thinking  Independent enquiry Participation  Reflection  How is this lesson relevant to every day life? (WRL/CIT)

Task 1 (Grade C) Task 1: Describe how large hydrocarbon molecules may be converted into smaller ones Task 1: Extension Keywords for Task 1: cracking catalyst

Fractional distillation tower Catalytic Cracking Large hydrocarbons are broken into smaller molecules using pressure, heat and a catalyst. This process is known as catalytic cracking. The small molecules produced are then separated by fractional distillation. Catalytic cracker Heat to vaporise Distillation tower pressure Fractional distillation tower Smaller molecules Big Molecules Molecules break up

Cracking a hydrocarbon in the laboratory WARNING – to prevent suck back of water remove the water trough as soon as you stop heating the boiling tube. Collect two test tubes of gas: Carefully ignite the gas in one of the tubes. Carefully add bromine water to the other tube, replace the stopper and gently shake.

Task 1: Summary – Copy and complete Catalytic Cracking Large hydrocarbons are broken into smaller molecules using pressure, heat and a catalyst. This process needs a lot of energy because strong chemical bonds are being broken. The small molecules produced are then separated by fractional distillation. When carried out in the laboratory broken pottery is used as the catalyst. catalyst strong smaller pressure energy fractional distillation broken pottery heat

How can I improve on task 1? Task 1: Review Go back to your lesson outcome grid and fill out the ‘How I did’ and the ‘Targets’ column. Lesson Outcomes How I did Targets Task 1: Describe how large hydrocarbon molecules may be converted into smaller ones Grade C Met? Partly met? Not met? How can I improve on task 1?

Explain why cracking is carried out. Task 2 (Grade B) Task 2: Explain why cracking is carried out. Task 2: Extension Keywords for Task 2: alkane alkene saturated unsaturated

Making better use of Crude Oil Small hydrocarbons are much more useful than those with long chains. Crude oil contains lots of large molecules. These long chain hydrocarbons are broken down, by cracking, into the more useful shorter chain molecules. Small molecules Big molecules Medium molecules

Catalytic Cracking In the catalytic cracker long chain molecules are split apart or ‘cracked’. An example of such a reaction is: Octane Heat pressure catalyst hexane + ethene C=C Used to make plastics Used as a fuel C8H18  C6H14 + C2H4

Activity Draw out displayed formulae of a pair of products formed by cracking decane H C decane Heat pressure catalyst + ethene H C octane

Saturated or Unsaturated? Saturated means “full up”. Alkanes are saturated. Every carbon atom has already used all four of it’s bonds to join to four other atoms. No other atoms can be added. Alkanes have C-C single bonds. Alkenes are unsaturated. Alkenes have a C=C double bond that could instead become two single bonds. This means that other atoms can be added. It is not “full up”. Alkenes are reactive compounds, and are often used to make polymers.

Compare your answers with your neighbour. Task 1: Summary Write a sentence to explain: Why cracking is carried out. What the products of cracking are used for. The difference between an alkane and an alkene. Compare your answers with your neighbour.

How can I improve on task 2? Task 2: Review Go back to your lesson outcome grid and fill out the ‘How I did’ and the ‘Targets’ column. Lesson Outcomes How I did Targets Task 2: Explain why cracking is carried out. Grade B Met? Partly met? Not met? How can I improve on task 2?

Task 3: (Grade A/A*) Task 3: Task 3: Extension Keywords for Task 3: Discuss in simple terms the political problems associated with the exploitation of crude oil. See page 7 in your text books, read through the appropriate section, and then write your own summary. Task 3: Extension Keywords for Task 3: supply and demand oil refinery cracking

How can I improve on task 3? Task 3: Review Go back to your lesson outcome grid and fill out the ‘How I did’ and the ‘Targets’ column. Lesson Outcomes How I did Targets Task 3: Discuss in simple terms the political problems associated with the exploitation of crude oil. Grade A/A* Met? Partly met? Not met? How can I improve on task 3?

Review of lesson Catalyst, Cracking, Can you explain these key words? Oil refinery Petrochemical Over-supply Alkane Alkene Can you explain these key words?

Technician’s list Demo – water & oil on a feather Large feather Vegetable oil Washing up liquid Washing up bowl Cracking experiment Per group Boiling tube with mineral wool soaked in paraffin oil and broken pottery catalyst Delivery tube & bung Water trough 2x test tubes & stoppers Bromine water Splints Clamp stands bunsens