America Moves Towards War 16.4

U.S. MUSTERS ITS FORCES Cash and Cary Possibly too late? Sept. 1939, Roosevelt persuaded Congress to allow warring nations to buy U.S. arms as long as they paid cash and transported them in their own ships France falls in summer of 1940 & Britain under attack

Allies Unite Axis Powers Roosevelt Resonds Germany, Italy, & Japan (the Triparite Pact) sign a mutual defense treaty. Each nation agreed to come to defense if either nation was attacked by U.S. Sends Britain 500,000 rifles, 80,000 machine guns, traded 50 old destroyers for military bases in Caribbean and Newfoundland

Building U.S. Defense Congress increases spending on defense Selective Training and Service Act- 16 million men between 21-35 were registered. 1 million drafted but for 1 year only in Western Hemisphere.

Election of 1940 Roosevelt runs for 3rd Term He wins 55% of the vote. Republican nominee Wendell Wilkie supported Roosevelt for aiding Britain. Very little difference so people chose who they already knew.

“The Great Arsenal of Democracy” Lend-Lease Plan Late 1940, Britain had no more money for arsenal. Lend or Lease arms & other supplies to any country whose defense was vital to the United States. Isolationists once again against it but Congress passes it anyway in March of 1941.

Axis Powers Clash Supporting Stalin German Wolf packts United States started to supply the Soviet Union after Hitler broke his agreement with Stalin and invaded the Soviet Union in June of 1941. U-boats & aircraft would sink ships carrying supplies. 350,000 tons in a single month. Roosevelt tells Navy to fire in self-defense.

FDR PLANS FOR WAR Extend the term of draftees: Roosevelt asking for more terms of the draftees because he knows war is close. House of Reps passes it but only by 1 vote. Atlantic Charter: Roosevelt and Churchill meet

United Nations Collective security Disarmament Self-determination Economic cooperation Freedom of the seas This charter became basis of a new document called “A declaration of the United Nations” Allies against the Axis powers. 26 Nations signed it.

U.S. Losses Shoot on Sight: Navy to fire on German submarines on sight after U.S. destroyer Greer was fired on by German submarine Pink Star: American Merchant ship sank off Greenland U.S. destroyer Kearny:Was torpedoed and 11 lives lost U.S. destroyer Reuben James: Sank and more than 100 sailors killed

JAPAN ATTACKS THE UNITED STATES Japan’s Goal Hideki Tojo Wanted to unite East Asia under Japan. Took over Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos. Chief of staff of Japans Army, launched invasion into China.

U.S. Response Untied States Protest Peace Talks Cut trade off with Japan of embargoed goods, including oil. Tojo promised the emperor to preserve peace with America but is preparing navy to attack. Dec 6, 1941, Roosevelt received decoded message that Japan’s peace envoy to reject all American peace proposals

Pearl Harbor Dec 7, 1941, early in the morning, Japanese warplanes struck. 2,403 killed 1,178 injured 21 ships sunk or damaged including 8 battleships 300 aircraft were damaged or destroyed Greater losses than all of WWI

U.S. Responds! Congress approves Roosevelt’s request to declare war on Japan the following day. 3 days later, Germany and Italy declare war on U.S. Isolationism Ends: Supported an all out American effort.

Questions In what ways in the U.S. help the Allies before officially entering WWII? Who broke the Munich Pact agreement? How? What is the purpose of the United Nations? How did the U.S. suffer losses before entering the war? How did the U.S. and Japan clash before the attack on Pearl Harbor? What is the significance of Pearl Harbor to the nation?