ENERGY THE ABILITY TO DO WORK

Energy The combination of energy and matter make up the universe: Matter is substance, and energy is the mover of substance.

ENERGY TRANSFORMATION The process of changing energy from one form to another. EXAMPLE: A windmill takes the kinetic energy of the wind and changes it into mechanical energy by turning the fan blades which can then be converted to electrical energy

The Law of Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed (changed) from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes. However some HEAT energy is always “lost” during an energy transformation because it is not a closed system (heat leaves the system). The big picture… the total energy in the universe remains constant.

Conservation of Energy Energy is transformed… not destroyed!! The total amount of energy stays the SAME!!

What is an energy transformation? An energy transformation takes place when energy changes from one form into another form. Any form of energy can change into any other form of energy. Often one form of energy can change into two or more other forms. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 6

Conservation of Energy Demonstration

  Examples: Energy of FOOD can be transformed into energy to PLAY CHEMICAL energy from coal, oil, and natural gas can be transformed into HEAT energy (process of burning the fuel); the HEAT energy can be converted into KINETIC energy by gas turbines or into ELECTRICAL energy by generators. The sun gives the grass THERMAL energy. The grass uses it to grow and transform it to CHEMICAL energy during photosynthesis. Rabbits eat grass as an energy source. If you turn on the power switch, a light bulb will use the ELECTRIC power to transform it into LIGHT energy.

More Examples of Changes from One Form of Energy to Another Chemical to electrical Flashlight battery Electrical to heat toaster Electrical to sound telephone, door bell Electrical to chemical human sight Electrical to mechanical turning on a ceiling fan Chemical to mechanical energy in food helping your arms move to throw a ball Mechanical to electrical water turning a turbine which then moves a magnet to generate electricity

ENERGY DERIVED FROM THE SUN IN THE FORM OF SOLAR RADIATION SOLAR ENERGY ENERGY DERIVED FROM THE SUN IN THE FORM OF SOLAR RADIATION

a cell that converts solar energy into electrical energy PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS a cell that converts solar energy into electrical energy

SOLAR REFLECTORS a concave mirror that concentrates the rays of the sun; can produce high temperatures

SOLAR BATTERIES batteries that store solar energy and can be used to run appliances at night or when the sun is not shining.

WIND ENERGY POWER DERIVED FROM THE WIND AND USED FOR ELECTRICITY OR MECHANICAL POWER

WIND FARMS a large group of wind-driven generators for electricity supply One disadvantage: They are Often built in areas of natural beauty

Generating electricity by conversion of the energy of running water HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY Generating electricity by conversion of the energy of running water

FOSSIL FUEL a fuel (such as coal, oil, or natural gas) formed in the earth from plant or animal remains How do we know how to find oil (the remains of dead SEA creatures? seismic machines send out sound waves

energy derived from the heat in the interior of the earth GEOTHERMAL ENERGY energy derived from the heat in the interior of the earth

NUCLEAR ENERGY The energy released by a nuclear reaction, especially by fission or fusion. Nuclear energy is regarded as a nonrenewable source of power.

ENERGY GENERATED FROM THE MOVEMENT OF TIDES TIDAL ENERGY ENERGY GENERATED FROM THE MOVEMENT OF TIDES

WAVE ENERGY ENERGY GENERATED BY THE CONSTANT MOVEMENT OF WAVES AND USED TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

BIOMASS ENERGY Biomass is the common name for organic materials used as renewable energy sources such as; wood, crops, and waste.

NONRENEWABLE RESOURCE resources that are used up faster than they can be replenished.

A resource that can be replaced in time after being used. RENEWABLE RESOURCES A resource that can be replaced in time after being used.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Relating to or being concerned with the ecological CONSEQUENCES of altering the environment.