Structure – Leaves Stem Roots

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Presentation transcript:

Structure – Leaves Stem Roots Plants Structure – Leaves Stem Roots

Leaves

Function of leaves Trap light energy for photosynthesis Producing sugar from photosynthesis Exchange of gases – oxygen and carbon dioxide

Structure Helps to catch more light energy Wide Helps to catch more light energy Thin Help get carbon dioxide from bottom to top of leaf for photosynthesis

Leaf structure Greener on top CO2 gets in here

Leaf diagram – palisade layer Most chlorophyll CO2

Leaf cell - palisade Position? Upper surface of leaf Features? Box shape Chloroplasts Function? Photosynthesis

Gas exchange Leaves are designed to allow carbon dioxide to get to the main chlorophyll layer at the top of the leaf They have small holes called stomata on the under surface Each hole is open & closed by 2 guard cells

Leaf diagram – stoma and guard cells

Stoma position

Stoma is a small hole Its size is controlled by 2 guard cells closed open

Stoma function is for gas exchange in the leaf oxygen Guard cell Provided plant is photosynthesising Carbon dioxide

Stomata open and close at different times of the day When it is light the plant needs CO2 for photosynthesis so the stoma open At night (darkness) they close

Roots – function and structure Hold plant in position Absorb water and minerals from the soil Specialised cells to increase surface area for water intake

Wheat seed Root hairs Fragile parts of cells that grow from the main root They massively increase the surface area for absorption

Root hair cells (x150)

Root ‘B’ has had the hairs damaged -

Stem– function and structure Support of Leaf Display Support of Flower Display Support of Fruit Display Conduct water and minerals up from soil Conduct water and nutrients (sugar, amino acids) from leaf to rest of plant Photosynthesis (in some plants, eg. cacti) Storage of water, etc (cacti, underground stems (potato), swollen bases kohlrabi) Anchorage especially in vines

Differences in stem structure between monocots and dicots

Stem Tissues

Monocot Stem

Dicot Stem

Monocot Root

Dicot Root

Monocot Leaf

Dicot Leaf

Vascular Cambium Cork Cambium Area that produces xylem towards the inside of the vascular cambium and phloem towards the outside. Increases the thickness of the stem Cork Cambium Produces outer covering of stems (bark)