Spore Shedding Vascular Plants

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Spore Shedding Vascular Plants

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Spore Shedding Vascular Plants By D.G.JOSHI For B.Sc 3rd semester

Huperzia a forest wetlands dwelling lycophyte These plants are the diploid sporophyte

Huperzia lucidula a wetlands-dwelling lycophyte http://www.duke.edu/~jspippen/plants/lycopodium-lucidulum060727-3857bchmtnz.jpg

Huperzia root cross-section epidermis cortex protoxylem xylem metaxylem phloem amphiphloic plectostele exarch

Protosteles: haplosteles actinostele plectostele Siphonosteles: cortex phloem xylem Siphonosteles: siphonostele solenostele dictyostele cortex phloem xylem pith leaf gap leaf trace eustele atactostele dicot stem monocot stem

last year’s sporophylls microphyll stem sporophyll sporangium spores gemma http://home.manhattan.edu/~frances.cardillo/plants/vascular/lucidum6.jpg last year’s sporophylls

Huperzia root cross-section with branch root cross sections

Huperzia microphyll cross section mesophyll cutinized epidermis vascular bundle stoma

Lycopodium obscurum a forest-dwelling lycophyte The sporophylls are organized into a terminal strobilus. http://www.twofrog.com/images/groundpine58.jpg

Lycopodium obscurum sporophytes demonstrate dichotomous branching. Microphylls are spirally arranged with some flattening of the branch system. Lycopodium obscurum strobili are not interrupted by microphylls. Sporophylls are not photo-synthetic.

Strobilus Longisection sporophyll sterile jacket spores (1N) sporangium stalk All the spores are the same small size, so Lycopodium is homosporous. The spores are shed into the wind.

Lycopodium gametophytes may be photosynthetic http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/l/wlyal5-gamicro16920.JPG

The sperm is flagellated and chemotactic http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/bot311/bot311-00/LycoRepro/Lycopodium_sperm.jpg

Diphasiastrum complanatum a forest-dwelling lycophyte http://www.duke.edu/~jspippen/plants/lycopodium-digitatum060709-8672alamancez.jpg

Lycopodiella alopecuroides a grassland dwelling lycophyte http://128.253.177.181/users/robbin/9_7_05/upload90/Lycopodiella_X_gilmanii_ME48.JPG

Lycopodium innundatum a bog-dwelling lycophyte http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1270/1048564007_47acf0621a.jpg?v=0

Rhynia was a Psilotum-like swamp dwelling organism living with Protolepidodendron, the herbaceous ancestor of woody Lepidodendron in swamps during the Devonian period.

Lepidodendron was a large lycophyte tree living in marshes Lepidodendron was a large lycophyte tree living in marshes. Dead plants and spores built up in the peat of the marshes, were later overrun with sediments, and by heat and pressure were converted to coal.