Plant Structure and Function

Is It a Stem, Leaf, Root, Flower, Fruit or Seed? Fruit/Vegetable Part of Plant Broccoli Cabbage Carrot Celery Stalk Corn Kernel Garlic Onion Potato Tomato Zucchini

Plant Body Shoot system = leaves + stem Root system Meristem = cells that divide for life of plant, can give rise to all plant structures

Three Types of Plant Tissues Vascular Tissue Transport Support Ground Tissue Synthesis of Sugars Storage Dermal Tissue Protection

Division of Meristem Cells Causes Plant Growth Apical Meristem tips of root and shoot increase in height Lateral Meristem cylinders within plant body increase in width

Stoma = opening in the leaf for gas exchange, water evaporation Plant Body Leaf = blade + petiole Functions Exposes surface to sunlight Major site of photosynthesis Conserves water Provides for gas exchange Blade Petiole Stoma = opening in the leaf for gas exchange, water evaporation

Transports water and sugar to stem and roots Conserves water Photosynthesis Transports water and sugar to stem and roots Structures of the Leaf

Phloem transports sugar Plant Body Stem: series of nodes and internodes Functions Holds leaves up to light Transports substances through vascular tissue Phloem transports sugar Xylem conducts water and minerals

Lateral Meristem Causes the Stem to Grow in Width

Wood and Bark are Products of Lateral Meristem

Plant Body Root Functions Anchors plant in soil Takes up water and minerals from soil

Applying Your Knowledge Apical Meristem Vascular Tissue Stem Leaf Lateral Meristem Where is the primary site of photosynthesis in a plant? Which one is responsible for an increase in plant height? Which one transports materials throughout the plant?

Flowering Plant Reproduction Pollen grains Ovule Flower Meiosis Mitosis Flowers are modified leaves, specialized for reproduction. Flower parts undergo meiosis to produce haploid products pollen grain ovule (contains egg cell)

A Complete Flower Has Both Male and Female Parts Produces pollen Stamen Anther Attracts pollinator Filament Pistil Stigma Petal Style Sepal Ovary Encloses and Protects Bud Female part Produces egg

Pollination and Fertilization in a Flower Mature Pollen Grain Sperm Cells Tube Cell Nucleus 1. pollen grains land on stigma 2. pollen tubes grow down stigma to ovary 3B: Fusion of 2nd sperm + two polar nuclei Stigma 3. double fertilization Style Sperm 3A: Fusion of sperm + egg Pollination and Fertilization in a Flower Ovule Polar nuclei Ovary Egg

Development of Fruit and Seeds From Flower Parts Provides nutrition Endosperm Triploid Endosperm Cell Fresh Fruit Ovary Seed Coat Integument Diploid Zygote Embryo (new plant) Seed = embryo + stored food + seed coat Fruit = ovary wall, mechanism for seed dispersal

Applying Your Knowledge Seed Fruit Pistil Anther Pollen Which one develops from the ovary wall? Which one produces pollen? Which one develops from a fertilized ovule? What is the name of the female part of the flower?