Understanding the Person Chapter 8

Caring For The Person For effective care you must consider the whole person Physical Social Psychological Spiritual

Basic Human Needs

Describe Basic Human Needs Basic Human needs are needs all persons have. However individuals meet these needs in different ways. Most residents in long term facilities will need some assistance to meet their basic needs.

Ways to assist Residents with Physical Needs Food making meal time as pleasant as possible assist resident to eat, feed resident when possible prepare foods such as cutting meats, opening cartons Oxygen/Air elevate HOB for resident with breathing problems or SOB position in bed and chairs to allow lung expansion assist resident to ambulate assist nurse with oxygen therapy.

Meeting Resident Physical needs Water: Offer fluids frequently keep water containers within reach Keep water fresh, other liquids at correct temperatures. Elimination: Assist resident in toileting needs provide privacy be matter of fact in response to incontinent residents

Meeting Physical Needs Rest: Assist in preparation for sleep recognize changes in patterns for sleep Activity and Exercise Encourage ROM in ADL’s ambulate, transfer and move properly Encourage activity Stimulation Encourage resident to participate in activities Encourage residents to talk and listen carefully Do not isolate resident. Place in area where they can observe activity.

Ways to Assist Resident with Safety and Security Needs Keep area safe and free of hazards Show residents how to do activities safely keep call light within reach know how to do tasks be alert to safety. Use TB and brakes Security respect residents belongings orient resident to new surroundings reassure resident welcome family and friends provide privacy, knock on doors

Ways to Assist Love and Belonging Needs Caring about someone listen to resident, encourage talk of past show interest in residents family encourage contact with other residents read social histories in resident charts some residents may have significant others who are not family members take time with resident, pay attention

Love and Belonging Needs Being cared about Show interest in resident touch residents in a kind and gentle manner be kind and friendly to visitors inform family and residents of activities offered be patient and understanding treat residents as you would like to be treated

Ways to Meet Self Esteem Needs Sense of Identity call resident by preferred name include resident and family in discussions concerning resident care give and respect choices made by residents respect differences in culture, heredity, interests and values

Meeting Self- Esteem Needs Feeling Important, worthwhile praise accomplishments of residents acknowledge residents at all times respect resident property talk to resident as an adult encourage resident to do as much as able for themselves Give residents simple responsibilities and tasks to feel important

Meeting Self- Actualization Needs The extra’s in life encourage hobbies praise accomplishments and strengths Spirituality respect religious beliefs provide privacy for clergy visit. Handle with care religious symbols refer clergy requests to Nurse in Charge

RESPECT CULTURAL DIVERSITY CLAS stands for culturally and linguistically appropriate services. Developed in 2000 by the Dept. of health and human services. Clas focuses on health care organizations, and also standards for how health care should be delivered.

Personal guidelines Think about your personal belief system Examine how personal culture influences your own behavior Don’t stereotype Ask patients about their culture Attend staff development activities and develop cultural awareness.

Cultural influences Personal space Gestures/ eye contact Some cultures will not permit members of the opposite sex to provide cares Some prefer distance during cares Gestures/ eye contact Gestures may have different meanings Eye contact may be offensive

Cultural influences Clothing: Health Practices: Men may cover their heads Women may cover their heads and only have face and hands in view Health Practices: May want cultural remedies May want herbs, spices, teas or wraps Check to see if this interferes with treatment

Cultural Influences Pain: Personal hygiene: Some demonstrate pain by being very emotional Some view displays of pain as being weak Personal hygiene: Bathing may not be done routinely/ or may be very frequent Women may not want body hair removed

Family A family is a group of people tied together by common interests and concern about the well being and needs of members. “Traditional Family” usually refers to a married man and women and children. Today there are many family units containing single parents, extended families, and groups of unrelated friends.

Family Dynamics The way individuals in a family relate to and interact with each other is known as family dynamics Each family has individual needs. Families have their own rules related to how they operate as a group. Each person has a role in the group, or several roles. Usually roles are learned from older family members. There may not be a role model for healthy development In a stressed family children may have an adult role.

Describe Needs of Family Definition of Family: Two or more people have chosen to live together and share interest, roles, resources commitment and love. Family emotions include, anxiety, fear, sadness, anger, relief, confusion

Describe Developmental Tasks Theorists suggest that as one matures from infancy to old age, persons pass through several stages. During each stage developmental tasks must be accomplished in order to mature in a healthy way. Developmental tasks are social, emotional, and psychological growth experiences.

Developmental Disabilities Any condition which interferes with normal growth and development is a disability. May interfere with the way a person speaks, learns, or completes ADL’s Usually as a result of heredity, trauma or birth injury. (cerebral palsy, fetal alcohol syndrome, head injury) Places stress on family due to health care costs and special services needed.

Untypical Behaviors Child may become over dependent on others and demanding May not follow normal routines, such as nap time. Regresses to earlier stage.(incontinent) Physical complaints

Remember….. Nursing assistants need to acknowledge family members, have a non judgmental attitude, be patient, be sensitive, quietly listen, include family when appropriate in cares. BE PLEASANT!!!