Safe From Democracy The US and World War I
American Liberal Internationalism
An Era of Intervention
Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy Divided world into civilized & uncivilized nations Negotiated settlement of Russo-Japanese War of 1905
I Took the Canal Zone Hay Paunceforte Treaty Clayton Bulworth Treaty Nicaragua vs. Panama The French Factor The Columbian Factor The Panama Revolution
Roosevelt Corollary Monroe Doctrine US right to exercise an international policy power in Western Hemisphere Britain, Italian, German Naval Blockade of Venezuela American seizure of custom houses in Dominican Republic Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick
Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy Economic investment and loans from American banks rather than direct military intervention Not successful in China Sold retired battleships to Argentina William Jennings Bryan, secretary of state, Grape Juice Diplomacy
Wilson and Mexico Moral imperialism Francisco Madero overthrows Porfirio Diaz in Mexican Revolution 1911 Victoriano Huerta assassinated Madero & seizes power in 1913 Mexican Civil War: Wilson orders troops to Vera Cruz Pancho Villa
America and the Great War
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Europe 1914
Neutrality and Preparedness Sinking of the Lusitania German submarine warfare Cash program to expand American army & navy
Road to War 1916 victory “He Kept Us Out of War” Peace without Victory Zimmerman Telegram
Western Front
Wilson’s Fourteen Points Agenda for Peace Conference Following the War Self determination for all nations Freedom of seas Free trade Open diplomacy Readjustment of colonial claims League of nations
WWI at Home
Creation of unprecedented powers & increased presence in American’s everyday lives Selective Service Act War Industries Board War Labor Board Corporate and income tax increase Liberty bonds
Propaganda War Disseminating Patriotism became Government Job Committee on Public Information (CPI)
Coming of Women’s Suffrage Most were opposed to American entry in War Jeannette Rankin National Women’s Party & Alice Paul 19th Amendment
Prohibition & 18th Amendment
Liberty in Wartime What is balance between security & freedom? Espionage Act of 1917 and arrest of Eugene V. Debs Coercive Patriotism: patriotism meant support for the government, the war and the American economic system
Who is an American?
The Race Problem Eugenics Americanization and Pluralism Wartime Americanization Assimilation
The Anti-German Crusade Liberty Cabbage Freedom Sandwich
Immigrant Act of 1917 Banned undesirables (idiots, feeble-minded persons, criminals, epileptics, insane persons, alcoholics, professional beggars, mentally or physically defective persons, polygamist, & anarchists Barred all immigrants over the age of sixteen who were illiterate. “Asiatic Barred Zone,” a region that included much of eastern Asia and the Pacific Islands from which people could not immigrate.
Color Line & Great Migration Roosevelt: invited Booker T. Washington to dine at White House, but not in favor of black civil rights Wilson: imposed segregation in federal depts. Revival of Civil Rights with W. E. B. DuBois
Rise of Garveyism
1919: Worldwide Revolutionary Upsurge
Red Scare Attorney General Mitchell Palmer & Palmer Raids J. Edgar Hoover, director of Radical Division of Justice Department
Wilson at Versailles Some Wilson goals achieved Versailles Treaty: harsh document guaranteeing future conflict Impossible demands
Treaty Debate Wilson’s self proclaimed finest legacy: League of Nations Critics warned it’s deprive America of freedom of action War to make democracy safe: failure
Europe in 1919