Czech French Barrande Workshop 27. 4. 2017 Nanostructures for Photovoltaic Energy Conversion – Czech - French research cooperation Antonín Fejfar Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, Czech Republic

Czech Academy of Sciences head-quarters in Prague established in 19th century (1891, by Austrian Emperor F.J.) 54 public research institutions - mathematics, physics, earth science - life and chemical sciences - humanities and social sciences about 7000 employees total budget ~ 400 M€/year (2016) institutional budget ~ 180 M€ the rest from R&D projects 29.3.2017 A. Fejfar - Czech French Barrande workshop

IoP CAS: 5 divisions, 2 campuses Na Slovance Cukrovarnicka Division 1: Elementary Particle Physics Division 3: Solid State Physics Division 2: Condensed Matter Physics Division 4: Optics IoP staff: 772 (researchers: 500) + PhD students: 100 Division 5: High Power Systems Administration 29.3.2017 A. Fejfar - Czech French Barrande workshop

IoP making the history of PV since 60’s Jan Tauc (father of amorphous semiconductors) Stan Veprek (father of amorphous silicon hydrogenation) Jan Kocka (father of constant photocurrent method) Tauc gap Microcrystalline silicon CPM 29.3.2017 A. Fejfar - Czech French Barrande workshop

Silicon thin films – origins in 60s: 29.3.2017 A. Fejfar - Czech French Barrande workshop

A. Fejfar - Czech French Barrande workshop 50 year later: Applied Komatsu 29.3.2017 A. Fejfar - Czech French Barrande workshop

Annual production of Si thin films Solar cells: LCD: 29.3.2017 A. Fejfar - Czech French Barrande workshop

FP7: Improved Polycrystalline-Silicon Modules on Glass Substrates (PolySiMode) ENERGY.2009.2.1.1: Efficiency and material issues for thin-film photovoltaics IMEC: Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum VZW CSG Solar AG Fraunhofer ISE: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Fyzikalni ustav Akademie ved Ceske republiky,v.v.i. (FZU) Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB) Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes (InESS), Strasbourg, France

Competitive Low-Carbon Energy (H2020-LCE-07-2016) Project No.: 727523 Next-generation interdigitated back-contacted silicon heterojunction solar cells and modules by design and process innovations NextBase performance c-Si solar cells and modules based on the interdigitated back-contacted silicon heterojunction (IBC-SHJ) solar cell concept targeting cells with efficiency above 26.0% and corresponding solar modules with efficiency above 22.0%. development of a new industrial manufacturing tool and low-cost processes enabling a competitive IBC-SHJ solar module cost of < 0.35 €/Wp. http://nextbase-project.eu/

Nanostructures for photovoltaic conversion planar solar cells. (b) radial junction thin-film PIN solar cells. Illustration from: Soumyadeep Misra, Linwei Yu, Wanghua Chen, Martin Foldyna, and Pere Roca i Cabarrocas. ‘A Review on Plasma-Assisted VLS Synthesis of Silicon Nanowires and Radial Junction Solar Cells’. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 47 (2014): 393001.

A. Fejfar - Czech French Barrande workshop Disorder ZOO: Shading Crossing Kinks Crowding 29.3.2017 A. Fejfar - Czech French Barrande workshop

Exploration by Atomic force microscopy 29.3.2017 A. Fejfar - Czech French Barrande workshop

A. Fejfar - Czech French Barrande workshop Comparison of scales Detail: 2 cm Sample: 29.3.2017 A. Fejfar - Czech French Barrande workshop

C-AFM probing of Si radial junction solar cells [Fejfar et al., Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 2014] 29.3.2017 A. Fejfar - Czech French Barrande workshop

Conclusions and acknowledgements Active Czech French cooperation in photovoltaic R&D illustrated: FP7: PolySiMode, H2020 NextBase Barrande project: Study of the growth and properites of silicon nanowires for nanoelectronic applications Project NextBase (Next-generation interdigitated back-contacted silicon heterojunction solar cells and modules by design and process innovations)supported by European Commision in H2020-LCE-07-2016 by GA 727523 Cooperation with LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique supported by Barrande mobility project  (French 35790XK and Czech 7AMB16FR040) 29.3.2017 A. Fejfar - Czech French Barrande workshop

A. Fejfar - Czech French Barrande workshop International Summer School on Physics at Nanoscale, Devět Skal: http://iss.fzu.cz/ 29.3.2017 A. Fejfar - Czech French Barrande workshop