Life’s Structure and Classification Chapter 8, Pages 212-235

Living Things ___________-any __________ thing Organisms can vary in size from ____________ __________ to __________ ______ __________. Organism living Microscopic bacteria Gigantic oak trees

Living Things organized Living things are __________. Cells organism ________-are the smallest unit of an ___________ that carry on the _____________ of life. Each ______ has an orderly structure and contains the ________ for cellular organization and ___________ in its ____________ material Cells organism functions cell instructions function hereditary

Cougars Share Do you think all cells are all the same or are cells different depending on their function? Explain

Living Things grow develop 2. Living things _______ and __________ Growth of many-celled organisms is mostly due to an increase in the __________ of cells Growth of one-celled organisms is due to an increase in the _____ of the cell _______________-all of the _________ that take place during the ______ of the organism number size changes Development life

Living Things respond 3. Living things _________ interact surroundings Living things must ___________ with their ________________ ___________-anything that causes some _________ in an ____________ The reaction to a __________ is a ___________ interact surroundings Stimulus change organism stimulus response

Living Things Maintain homeostasis _______________-the regulation of an organism’s __________, life-maintaining conditions despite changes in its ______________ Homeostasis internal environment

Living Things Use energy 5. Living things _____ _______ directly sun The energy used by most organisms comes either _________ or indirectly from the ______ directly sun

Cougars Share What organisms can get energy directly from the sun? How do other organisms get energy? Plants Eat food

If all cats stopped reproducing, cats would eventually die off Living Things reproduce 6. Living things ___________ Reproduction enables living things to make _______ of their own ________ If all the individuals for a specific organism never reproduced that organism would die out Example: more kind If all cats stopped reproducing, cats would eventually die off

Cougars Share Of these 6 characteristics of life which are important to the survival of a species and which are important to the organisms itself?

Living Things What do all living things need? A ________ to ______ This place must be ________ to the organism’s _________needs This place must also provide enough ________ for the organism place live suited unique space

Living Things water 2. ________ Transport materials between All organisms must take in water from their surroundings Water performs many functions such as ___________ _________ within a cell and ___________ cells Transport materials between

Living Things Food sources 3. ______ ________ proteins sugars fats Living things are made up of substances such as ___________, _______, and __________ Some organisms _______ these substances, other must ______ in these substances in the form of food When organisms die these substances are released into the _____________and used again by other ________ ____________ proteins sugars fats make take environment Living organisms

How are Living Things Classified Linnaeus grouping __________ developed a new system of __________ organisms and a ________ _________ system Based on looking for organisms with ___________ _________ __________ ______________- two-word __________ system that Linnaeus used to name various ___________ This name is an organism’s ___________ Organisms of the same species can _______ and produce _________ _________ Scientific naming Similar structures Binomial nomenclature naming organisms species mate Fertile offspring

How are Living Things Classified genus _______- a group of similar species First word of the two-word name Second word usually __________ a feature and is _________ for each _________ _______ is the language used for scientific names unique describes species Latin

How are Living Things Classified Why use scientific names? Help avoid __________ by distinguishing organism with ________ names Organisms with similar _____________ histories are __________ together Scientific names give ____________ information about the ________ Scientific names allow _____________ about organisms to be ___________ easily and ___________ confusion unique evolutionary classified descriptive species information organized efficiently

How are Living Things Classified phylogeny evolutionary ____________- the ____________ history of an organism, how the organism has ___________ over time Order for classification of organisms: ___________ → _________ → ________ → ________ → ________ → ________ → _________ changed kingdom phylum class order family genus species

How are Living Things Classified Field guides Dichotomous keys Scientists use _______ _______ and _____________ ______ to identify organisms Most ______ _______ have _____________ and illustrations of organisms and information about where each organism _______ A ____________ _______ is a detailed list of identifying ______________ that includes scientific names Field guides descriptions lives Dichotomous keys characteristics

Wildcats share

Cell Structure Cell theory organisms cells basic organization cells ______ _______ consists of three parts All ____________ are made up of one or more _______ The cell is the ________ unit of _____________ in organisms All cells come from _______ organisms cells basic organization cells

Cell Structure Prokaryote Membrane-bound Eukaryotic with nutrients ____________- cells without ___________________ structures ____________- cells _____ membrane-bound structures All cells must constantly take in ___________, store, produce, and _____________ substances, and take in and use _________ Eukaryotic with nutrients breakdown energy

Cell Structure Cell walls rigid protect shape plants bacteria _____ ______- are tough, _______ outer coverings that ________ cells and give them _______ Found on the cells of ________, algae, fungi, and most _________ Mostly made up of a _______________ called ___________ protect shape plants bacteria carbohydrate cellulose

Cell Structure Cell membrane layer Regulates environment Cytoplasm _____ ___________- the protective _______ surrounding every cell ____________ interactions between the cell and its ______________ ___________- ____________ substance cells are filled with Most of a cell’s _____ __________ occur here ___________ _________ is found here in _____________ cells Regulates environment Cytoplasm gelatin like Life processes Hereditary material prokaryotic

Cell Structure Cytoskeleton maintain cytoplasm shape move protein _____________- a framework found throughout the ___________ which helps the cell __________ or change its ________ and enables some cells to _______ One substance that takes part in nearly every cell activity is _________ ___________- small structures where ______ make their own proteins Receive directions from hereditary material on how, when, and in what order to make specific proteins maintain cytoplasm shape move protein Ribosomes cells

Cell Structure organelles eukaryotic Nucleus DNA Nucleolus nucleus ___________- structures within the cytoplasm of __________ cells _________- directs all cellular activities and contain ______ Materials enter and leave the nucleus through openings in its membrane ___________- structure found in the _________ where most ____________ are made in ___________cells Nucleus DNA Nucleolus nucleus ribosomes eukaryotic

Cell Structure Chloroplasts plant food Chlorophyll leaves stems ______________- green organelles found within the cytoplasm of _______ cells where _______ is made ____________- green pigment which gives many _______ and ________ their color ______________-are organelles where ________ is released when food is broken down into _________ _______ and water Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain ___________ and __________ ________ plant food Chlorophyll leaves stems Mitochondria energy Carbon dioxide ribosomes Hereditary material

Endoplasmic reticulum Cell Structure Endoplasmic reticulum ____________ __________ (E.R.)- a series of folded ____________ in which ___________ can be processed and moved around ________ of the cell Can be _________ or __________ Rough E.R. have ____________ attached _______ ______- stacked and ___________ membranes that sort _________ and other cellular substances and package them into membrane-bound structures called _________ membranes materials inside rough smooth ribosomes flattened Golgi bodies proteins vesicles

Cell Structure Vesicles cellular outside Vacuoles temporary food __________- deliver cellular substances to areas inside the cell, and carry _________ substances to the cell membrane where they are released to the _________ of the cell __________- place for the ____________ storage of materials, like water, waste products, ______, and other cellular materials cellular outside Vacuoles temporary food

Cell Structure Lysosomes chemicals Cell wastes viruses ____________- contain digestive __________ that help break down food molecules, ______ ______, worn-out cell parts, and _______ and bacteria that enter the cell Cell wastes viruses

Cell Structure Tissues cells job Organs different together _________- a group of similar ______ that work together to do one _____ _________- structure made up of two or more _________ types of tissues that work _________ _______ _______- a group of organs working _________ to perform a certain _________ job Organs different together Organ system together function

Viruses Virus hereditary protein virus Host cell activated stimuli _______- is a strand of ___________ material surrounded by a _________ coating ____ _____- living cell in which a ______ can actively multiply or in which a virus can hide until __________ by environmental _________ Viruses don’t have a _________, other organelles, or a cell membrane protein virus Host cell activated stimuli nucleus

Viruses specific Antibiotics immunity Vaccinations Most viruses can infect only ________ kinds of cells ____________ do not work against viral diseases ______________ can be developed to create ___________ against a virus Antibiotics Vaccinations immunity

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