Chapter 2: Basic Exercise Science    

Human Movement Systems: Nervous system: communication network of billions of cells Skeletal system: framework composed of bones and joints Muscular system: series of interconnected muscles attached to bones via tendons and ligaments. Endocrine system: hormone secretion operating mainframe.

Nervous System: Functions Three (3) primary functions: Sensory function: ability of the nervous system (NS)to sense changes in the internal and external environment. Internal: stretch placed on a specific muscle External: the change form walking on the sidewalk to walking on sand Integrative function: Ability to analyze and interpret information to allow for proper decision making to produce the appropriate response. Motor function: Neuromuscular response to the sensory information

Nervous System: Two (2) main parts Peripheral Nervous System: Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body Sensory neurons: Transmits impulse FROM muscles and organs Motor neurons: Transmits impulse TO muscles and organs

Nervous System: Movement Receptors Muscle spindles: Receptors sensitive to change in the length of the muscle and the rate of that change Golgi tendon organs: Receptors sensitive to change in the tension of the muscle and the rate of that change Joint receptors: Receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint.

Skeletal System: Bones: Joints: Provides a resting ground for muscles and protects vital organs Joints: Junctions of bones, muscles, and connective tissue at which movement occurs.

Types of Joints: Nonsynovial: sutures of the skull Synovial: knee Gliding: carpals of hand Condyloid: knee Hinge: elbow Saddle: carpo-metacarpal Pivot: radioulnar Ball-and-socket: shoulder

Joint Connective Tissue: Ligament: Primary connective tissue that connect bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitation of improper joint movement.

Joint Connective Tissue: Ligament: Primary connective tissue that connect bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitation of improper joint movement.

Skeletal System: