Anonymous Survey Results Have you made a decision to not have sex during your years in high school or longer? Yes- 28% No- 52% Still deciding- 20% Have you set your sexual limits? Yes- 43% No- 16% Not yet- 41% How important do you think abstinence is? Very important- 20% Sort of important- 41% Not that important- 39%

In order, from most to least effective Contraceptives In order, from most to least effective

Categories (not in order) Hormonal: IUD, Shot, Implant, Pill, Patch, Ring, Emergency Contraception Barrier: Male and Female condom, Diaphragm Other: Abstinence, Spermicides, Copper IUD Permanent Methods: Vasectomy, Tubal Ligation, Essure

How They Work Barrier: Blocks the sperm from meeting the egg. Hormonal: Thickens cervical mucus, Thins uterine lining, Stops ovulation (egg release) Other: No contact= no chance of pregnancy or STI or Kills sperm Permanent: Blocks sperm from joining semen or egg from being released from ovary

Abstinence Abstinence is not having sex People choose abstinence for many reasons They feel they are too young They want to wait Don’t want to risk getting pregnant or getting an STD They are not ready to have sex Religious or moral reason Haven’t met the right person Afraid of how family and friends will view them ………and many more

Effectiveness of Abstinence The only 100% effective in preventing pregnancy Couples view abstinence in different ways; No sexual touching at all Everything except intercourse Avoiding genital or oral-to-genital play

Advantages 0% chance of getting pregnant Protects you from STDs and HIV You don’t have to go to a doctor or clinic You don’t need to buy devices or remember to take anything Allows the relationship to grow w/o the pressures having sex can bring Free

Disadvantages Challenges and dealing with the pressures of remaining abstinent Requires commitment by both partners

Permanent Birth Control Methods Vasectomy: A health care provider closes or blocs the tubes that carry sperm so that sperm will not be ejaculated. After 15-20 ejaculations, sperm should no longer be in the ejaculatory fluid. 99.9% effective. Advantages: Permanent, No lasting side effects, Low lifetime cost, Can be done in office (no hospitalization) Disadvantages: No STI protection, Surgical complications, like mild bleeding or infection, Rarely, tubes can reconnect

Permanent Birth Control Methods Essure: Non-surgical operation that is 99.8% effective. Two very small coil-like devices are inserted into the fallopian tubes. Within three months tissue grows around the coils and blocks the fallopian tubes. Advantages: Permanent, no surgery, can be performed in physician’s office, takes about 15 minutes, does not contain hormones, return to normal activities within one day, low cost after initial investment.

Permanent Birth Control Methods Essure Disadvantages: No STI protection, Must use another form of contraceptive for three months, Not all women have a successful placement of device, Procedure may include mild bleeding, infection, and uterine perforation.

Permanent Birth Control Methods Tubal Ligation: AKA “getting your tubes tied”, this method permanently blocks your fallopian tubes. It is 99.5% effective immediately after the operation. Advantages: Permanent, no lasting side effects, low cost after initial investment Disadvantages: No STI protection, rarely rubes reconnect, requires anesthesia and surgical procedure, expensive up-front cost, if pregnancy occurs, more likely to be an ectopic pregnancy.

Intrauterine Device (IUD) IUDs are a flexible object inserted into the uterus, it has a nylon thread that extends through the cervix for removal and so the woman can check to be sure it is still in place IUDs are always in place an do not interfere with sex Can prevent pregnancy for 5-12 years (5 for hormonal, 12 for copper) with 99.9% effectiveness. Hormonal: thicken cervical mucus Copper: Natural spermicide

IUDs Advantages: Long-term, no need to think about birth control on a regular basis, decreased menstrual blood loss and cramping, some women may not have periods. Disadvantages: No STI protection, during first 3-6 months irregular bleeding may occur, acne, headaches, breast tenderness

IUDs

Implant Small, soft, plastic rod containing progestin that is placed under the skin of the upper arm by a health care provider. Hormonal method that is 99.9% effective for up to three years. Advantages: Long-term effective use, No need to think about birth control on a regular basis, Can be used by women who cannot take estrogen

Implant Disadvantages: No STI protection, side effects may include irregular bleeding or no bleeding at all, may be less effective in women over 130% of their body weight.

Birth Control Shot Hormonal birth control shot (Depo-Provera) given once every three months to prevent pregnancy. 97% effective. Advantages: No daily pill to remember, only needed four times per year, periods may stop altogether, good for women who cannot take estrogen Disadvantages: No STI protection, side effects may include irregular bleeding, possible delay in return of fertility up to 18 months, possible weight gain (5 lbs in the first year)

Birth Control Pills Many varieties with different hormonal combinations of estrogen and/or progestin. The pill must be taken at the same time every day for the full effectiveness rate (92%). Advantages: Decreased menstrual cramps and menstrual blood loss, shortens and regulates period, less acne, some protection from ovarian and uterine cancer.

Birth Control Pills Disadvantages: No STI protection, mild side-effects including headaches, breast tenderness, nausea, and vaginal bleeding (usually go away within 1-3 months), Must be taken at the same time every day, Cannot be taken by women who smoke, have certain types of migraines, and over 35 years of age.

Ring Small, flexible ring inserted into the vagina once a month. The ring is removed after three weeks for one week to allow for a period. The ring is 92% effective and does not interfere with intercourse.

Ring Advantages: No daily birth control, decreased cramps and bleeding, less acne, regular cycles, some protection from ovarian and uterine lining, less hormone-related side effects than other methods. Disadvantages: No STI protection, May cause vaginal irritation and discharge, mild side-effects including headache, nausea, breast tenderness, and vaginal bleeding usually go away after 1-3 months, serious risks although rare include blood clots, stroke, or heart attack

Patch Two inch square, beige, transdermal contraceptive patch worn on the upper arm, buttocks, or pelvis. The patch is replaced once per week for three weeks then removed for one week to allow for a period. The patch is 92% effective.

Patch Advantages: No daily birth control, regular cycles, may continue regular activities (i.e. swimming or exercise), decreased cramps and blood loss, some protection from ovarian and uterine cancers. Disadvantages: No STI protection, mild skin irritation, headaches, breast tenderness, nausea, and vaginal bleeding usually go away in 1-3 months, serious risks although rare include blood clot, heart attack, and stroke.

Male Condoms A condom is placed over the penis before having sex, and should fit the entire shaft of the penis with a reservoir tip at the end to collect semen. A water-soluble lubricant such as K-Y Jelly or Astroglide can help effectiveness and comfort. Oil-based lubricants like baby oil should not be used and weaken latex causing tearing. When used properly, condoms are 86% effective.

Male Condoms Advantages: Protect against most STIs, allows men to share birth control responsibility, no side-effects unless allergic to latex or spermicide, Low-cost, available without an exam. Disadvantages: Must be used every time, condoms may break, less effective at preventing pregnancy than other methods.

Female Condoms A pouch-like condom is inserted into the vagina and held in place by a small flexible ring prior to intercourse. A larger ring sits outside the labia and the penis is inserted inside the condom. 86% effective.

Female Condoms Advantages: Protection from most STIs, can be purchased without exam or prescription, does not depend on partner cooperation, can be used by those allergic to latex. Disadvantages: May cause vaginal irritation, noisy, may slip during intercourse, higher failure rate than other methods.

Diaphragm Small cup-like device placed inside the vagina prior to intercourse to block cervix. Must be used with spermicide. After ejaculation, the diaphragm is left in place for 6 hours, then removed and washed to be used again. The diaphragm is 84% effective.

Diaphragm Advantages: No hormones, can be reused, can be inserted prior to sexual intercourse Disadvantages: No STI protection, less effective than other methods, insertion/removal can be difficult for some women, cannot be used by those with allergies to spermicide

Emergency Contraception EC is available for women who have had unprotected sex or experienced a contraceptive failure or were sexually assaulted and want to prevent a pregnancy. EC does not harm an established pregnancy, nor will it cause an abortion. EC works by preventing the release of an egg from the ovaries or preventing its implantation in the uterus.

EC Types: Ella is a pill that can be taken up to 5 days after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy. 75-89% effective. Next Choice is a pill that can be taken up to 3 days after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy. 75-89% effective. Copper IUD: Can be used within 5 days after unprotected sex. 99% effective.

EC Advantages: May prevent unintended pregnancy, the Copper IUD is not affected by patient weight. Disadvantages: No STI protection, Ella and Next Choice are less effective for women who weigh over 154 lbs (Next Choice) or 194 lbs (Ella).

Spermicide Contraceptive cream, jelly, film, foam, or suppositories, spermicides are available over-the-counter at most pharmacies and convenience stores. Spermicides are 71% effective when used alone and are much more effective when combined with a barrier method like condoms (98.5%)

Spermicide Advantages: No hormonal side-effects, low-cost, readily available, no exam or prescription needed. Disadvantages: No STI protection, Can cause skin irritation or increase risk of Urinary Tract Infection, Should not be used for women at high risk of HIV, Women who have intercourse multiple times daily should choose another method

Choosing a Method If you… Want the best pregnancy protection with the least amount of hassle? IUD, Implant Want to “skip” your periods? Hormonal IUD, Implant, Shot, Pills, or Ring Have endometriosis? Hormonal IUD Have migraines? IUD, Implant, or Shot Want pregnancy and STI protection? Combine a barrier method with a hormonal method and also use spermicide

EXCELLENT REFERENCE SEE: www.plannedparenthood.com