LUIS COLINA (CAB/CSIC, SPAIN) DISSECTING LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES THROUGH MULTI-WAVELENGTH INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY LUIS COLINA (CAB/CSIC, SPAIN) J. Piqueras-Lopez, M. Pereira-Santaella, S. Arribas, S. García-Burillo, B. Emonts, A. Alonso-Herrero, E. Bellocchi, S. Cazzoli R. Riffel, R.A Riffel, A. Rodriguez-Ardila, T. Storchi-Bergmann 1

OUTLINE MOTIVATION THE MULTI-λ IFS SURVEY OF LOW-Z U/LIRGS MAPPING THE IONIZATION STRUCTURE IN LIRGS Spatially resolved near-IR BPT diagrams: AGNs, young stars & SNe THE 2D MULTI-PHASE STRUCTURE OF OUTFLOWS IN LIRGS NGC 5135. Outflows in supernovae-dominated SF clumps NGC 3256. Extended hot & cold molecular gas outflows THE STAR-FORMATION LAW ON (SUB)KPC SCALES IN LIRGS IC4687. KS-law at ΣSFR > 100 M yr-1 2

U/LIRGS. BASICS most luminous low-z galaxies 49% 17% 0.1% 0.01% LIRGS: 1011 ≤ L/L < 1012 ULIRGs: 1012 ≤ L/L < 1013 NUMBER DENSITY LUMINOSITY CONTRIBUTION U/LIRGS (LIR > 1011 L) most luminous low-z galaxies from regular star-forming disks to interaction/merging of gas-rich galaxies sites of massive star formation > 20 M yr-1 extreme cases of the starburst+AGN activity sites of powerful AGN & SF-outflows More numerous @ high-z (dusty IR phase) SFR (local U/LIRGs) ~ SFR (MS-SFGs @ z~2) 1” = 200 pc 6 kpc UNIQUE LABORATORIES TO INVESTIGATE MOST EXTREME & LUMINOUS STARBURSTS (+ AGNS) & THEIR IMPACT ON AMBIENT ISM ON SCALES OF HUNDRED OF PARSECS CLOSEST ANALOGS TO HIGH-Z SF-GALAXIES 3

THE MULTI-λ IFS SURVEY OF LOW-Z U/LIRGS IFS data cube ~ 75 U/LIRGs @ z < 0.2 ( i.e. ~ 0.2-3 kpc/”) Different dynamics (isolated, interacting, mergers) 30% AGNs ANCILLARY: HST Paα & CanariCam/GTC mid-IR imaging TELESCOPE IFS FoV (arcsec) Sampling. (´´/spaxel)  Range (m) Spectral Resolution (R) Number of Targets 4.2m/WHT INTEGRAL 12x16 0.90 0.49-0.82 1400 22 3.5m/CAHA PMAS 16x16 1.00 0.36-0.70 1200 14 8.0m/VLT VIMOS 27x27 0.67 0.52-0.74 2650 42 SINFONI 8x8 0.25 H, K 3000-4000 ALMA 18 X 18 0.33 CO(2-1) 4 4

MAPPING THE 2D MULTI-PHASE STRUCTURE OF THE ISM USING NEAR-IR IFS (SINFONI) ionized hot molecular highly ionized coronal shocks Young SC dense gas Young SC AGN SNe 5

MAPPING THE IONIZATION STRUCTURE 6

NGC5135. 2D NEAR-IR BPT DIAGRAMS Colina+15, A&A in press 2D NEAR-IR BPT DIAGRAM AGN, young (< 6 Myr) and aged (8-20 Myr) star-forming regions occupy different regions in the near-IR BPT diagram Diffuse ISM: complex, mixture of excitation sources 7

NEAR-IR BPT DIAGRAMS. IDENTIFYING AGN – YOUNG STARS - SNE EXCITATION IN LIRGS HIGH-SURFACE BRIGHTNESS CLUMPS DIFFUSE ISM Young (< 6 Myr) SF-clumps SNe (8-20 Myr) AGN 8 10 LIRGS, 28000 points Colina+15, A&A in press

THE 2D MULTI-PHASE STRUCTURE OF OUTFLOWS 9

SNE-INDUCED OUTFLOWS: HIGH SPEED EXTENDED HOT MOLECULAR OUTFLOW HOT H2-OUTFLOW SNe ~ 0.1 per year M(hot-H2) ~ 440 M SIZE ~ 400 pc Vmax ~ 240 km s-1 FWZI ~ 1000 km s-1 WAITING FOR ALMA CYCLE 2: WOULD BE FIRST DETECTION OF HIGH-SPEED COLD MOLECULAR OUTFLOW INDUCED BY SNE.: SF QUENCHING BY SNe 10

NGC 3256. THE EXTENDED HOT H2 OUTFLOW MA ~ 630 M MB ~ 570 M MA+B ~ 1200 M Size ~ 1.3 kpc Opening A.: 40deg Vmax ~ 450 km s-1 FWZI ~ 1200 km s-1 Casey et al + 2014 11 Emonts+14, A&A

NGC 3256. THE HOT & COLD MOLECULAR OUTFLOW. NEAR-IFS & ALMA COMBINED SINFONI: Emonts+14 ALMA/Cy0: Sakamoto+14 COLD & HOT H2 OUTFLOW Same spatial structure (collimated, narrow, size) Same kinematics (amplitude, blue- & redshifted) Mass ratio of ~6x 10-5 (hot-to-cold) 12

THE STAR-FORMATION LAW ON (SUB)KPC SCALES 13

IC 4687. THE STAR-FORMING LAW @ (SUB)KPC SCALES ALMA CO(2-1) FWHM ~0.35” (120 pc) HST Paα FWHM ~0.25” LOW SFE HIGH SFE FoV = 18” x 18” (6.3.x.6.3 kpc2) 14

THE STAR-FORMING LAWS @ (SUB)KPC SCALES IC4687 - ΣH2 ~30-3000 M pc-2 - Large dispersion (x100) in ΣSFR for a given ΣH2 - Star-formation law flatter than KS-law SFE higher (x10-100) than that of spirals & local AGNs of similar ΣH2 - Depletion times ~ 20 to 200 Myr Leroy: SF in spirals Casasola: circumnuclear SF in low-z AGNs 15

FUTURE. VLT - JWST – ALMA SYNERGIES MUSE+AO: 0.46-0.93 μm IFS JWST: 1 – 28 μm IFS (NIRSpec & MIRI combined) 12-16 October 2015 16

SUMMARY Multi-wavelength IFS survey of local U/LIRGs underway: study of the excitation sources, kinematics of the different phases of ISM and outflows, and SF-law at sub)kpc scales. Excitation sources and near-IR 2D BPT diagrams (Colina+15) - AGN, young (< 6 Myr) and SNe (8-20 Myr) SF-clumps occupy different regions in the near-IR BPT diagram - Diffuse ISM a complex mixture of AGN/ionizing stars/shocks Multi-phase outflows in LIRGs (Emonts+14; Piqueras-López+ work in progress) - NGC 5135: SNe induced outflows in SF clump with velocities up to 1000 km/s (FWZI). Expected detecttion of cold molecular outflow with ALMA NGC 3256: Hot and cold molecular gas with similar kinematics & kpc-structure IC 4687. SF law on sub-kpc scales (Pereira-Santaella+, in progress) PRELIMINARY - Large dispersion (x100) in the star formation for a given molecular gas density Star-formation law appears flatter than standard KS-law Star formation efficiency higher (x10-100) than that of spirals and local AGNs at similar molecular gas densities

IC 4687. STAR FORMATION IN LIRGS ON ~ 200 pc SCALES. ALMA + NEAR- & MID-IR SUB-ARCSEC VIEW H-BAND OLD STARS Paα IONIZED GAS [FeII] SUPERNOVAE 4 kpc H2 COLD MOLECULAR H2 HOT MOLECULAR PAHs + HOT DUST 18

NGC 5135. SNE-INDUCED OUTFLOWS IN AGED STAR FORMING CLUMP AzTEC sources in GOODS-N & COSMOS SPT-lensed sources, Vieira+2013 REGION E F(B)/F(N)= 9 F(B)/F(N)= 2 F(B)/F(N)= 0.7 [FeII]: Vmax ~ 370 km s-1 / FWZI ~ 1400 km s-1 / Mass ~5.5x104 M! (preliminary) Colina+12

EXTRA MATERIAL 20

IONIZED GAS. INTEGRATED GAS KINEMATICS IFS data cube Integrated spectrum 2 Components (Hα –[NII]): Narrow: Ambient systemic ISM Broad: Outflow Vmax = Δv + FWHM/2 Velocity field removed + S/N optimization => well constrained fits Optimization for detection of faint broad outflows Similar methodology as high-z (Shapiro+09, Newman+12) Then: same tracer (Hα) , integrated spectra, 2 Gaussian fitting Arribas+14

AGN & STAR FORMATION IMPACT AMBIENT IONIZED GAS. AGN & STAR FORMATION IMPACT Gas more turbulent than spirals: σ ~1.5-4 x σspirals (~25 kms-1;Epinat+09) Weak dependence with increased SF: σ ~ SFR0.12±0.03 σ range similar to z~2 SFGs (Forster-Schreiber+09) Arribas+14

AGN & STAR FORMATION IMPACT ON Vmax IONIZED GAS OUTFLOWS. AGN & STAR FORMATION IMPACT ON Vmax Outflows universal Vmax(non-AGN) ~ SFR0.24±0.05 Vmax (AGN) ~ 2x (non-AGN) Mass(AGN) ~ 1.4x (non-AGN) AGNs do not dominate Lbol but dominate the ionized outflows Arribas+14

NGC 5135. SNE-INDUCED OUTFLOWS. HOT MOLECULAR & PARTIALLY IONIZED GAS 24 Casey et al + 2014

NEAR-IR IFS. EXPLORING MULTI-PHASE ISM Kinematics of stars ionized molecular high ion coronal shocks Stellar pop Young SC dense gas Young SC AGN SNe VELOCITY VELOCITY DISPERSION 25

IONIZED GAS OUTFLOWS. DOES IT ESCAPES? Vescape NO! Only galaxies with Mdyn < 2.5x1010 M are able to expel gas i.e. Vmax > Vesc Arribas+14 Mdyn from Bellocchi+13

Outflows: low-z U/LIRGs vs. high-z SFGs Ionized outflows in low-U/LIRGs can be directly compared with high-z work (Shapiro+09, Genzel+11, Newman+12, Harrison+12): same tracer (Hα), methods, ~ linear scales (when high-z with AO) Similar trends with SFR, presence of AGNs Similar properties if samples at similar SFRs F(B)/F(N) vs. Σ (SFR) plane Low-z U/LIRGs coverage includes z~2 SFGs (Newman+12) No ΣSFR threshold for strong outflows at low-z, while for high-z claims of ΣSFR > 1 (Newman+12) high-z stacked Arribas+14 Arribas+14

Outflow Mass Loading Factors: η Generally, η < 1 (i.e., no efficient feedback) Similar to η (neutral gas) For (non-AGN) LIRG discs, η lower than predicted by models, but similar trends (i.e., slope) Arribas+14

Local velocity dispersion vs. SFR density σ (~ 40-90 kms-1) is larger than in lower luminosity local SFGs (~25 kms-1;Epinat+09) σ doesn’t seem to be driven by SF (If so, dots in the gray zone, Lehnert+09) σ similar to z~2 SFGs (Forster-Schreiber+09) Similar trend in the Σ SFR – σ plane as found for high-z SFGs (Genzel+11) Arribas+14

Local velocity dispersion vs. dynamical phase Observed trend Due to SF Isolated discs Wide pairs Close pairs Mergers Arribas+14 Dynamical Phase Gravitational energy release associated to interactions and mergers important for driving sigma

DEPENDENCE ON SF COMPACTNESS Σ (SFR)? IONIZED GAS OUTFLOWS. DEPENDENCE ON SF COMPACTNESS Σ (SFR)? z~2, Newman+12 F(B)/F(N) ~ Σ (SFR) +0.12 with large scatter Low-z U/LIRGs coverage includes z~2 SFGs’ No clear Σ (SFR) threshold for launching strong outflows at low-z Arribas+14

MAPPING EXTENDED HOT MOLECULAR GAS FLOWS ULIRGS. MAPPING EXTENDED HOT MOLECULAR GAS FLOWS HOT-H2 OUTFLOWS ULIRGs (preliminary) Common: 4 out of 4 Size ~2-3 kpc FWZI ~ 1000 km s-1 Mhot ~ few thousand M Mhot ~10-4 to 10-5 Mcold IRAS17208, COLD CO /PDBI / Garcia-Burillo+14 in prep. OUTFLOW 1% H2 MASS ROTATION 99% H2 MASS

EXCITATION STRUCTURE OF THE HOT H2 OUTFLOW NGC 3256. EXCITATION STRUCTURE OF THE HOT H2 OUTFLOW Compatible with thermal processes Close to LTE with T ~2000 K More complex than LTE No/minor differences between broad & narrow 33 Emonts+14, submitted

IFS SURVEY. SPATIALLY RESOLVED PROPERTIES 2D SF distribution (Rodriguez-Zaurin+11) Extra-nuclear ionization (Monreal-Ibero+10) Extinction structure (Piqueras-López+13) 2D Neutral gas outflows (Cazzoli+14) SNe ([FeII]) gas outflows (Colina+12) Spatially resolved kinematics (Bellocchi+13) for our sample. Ionized+molecular+shocked gas properties (Piqueras-Lopez+12)