Mr. Pettine October 12, 2017 English 9 Rhetoric! Mr. Pettine October 12, 2017 English 9

What is Rhetoric? Rhetoric is “the art of using language effectively so as to persuade or influence others”

Rhetorical Situation Speakereaker

Definitions Rhetor – the speaker or writer of a rhetorical act (speech, discourse, proclamation, etc.) Audience – the people (real or imagined) that are intended to hear the rhetoric Exigence – the problem that the speaker is addressing Constraints – The elements that restrain the topic and methods of a rhetorical act - the elements that limit what the writer may speak about

Rhetorical Situation After a disaster, the political speaker will address the situation at hand – Churchill during WWII, Johnson after Kennedy Assassination, King during Civil Rights Movement, Reagan after Challenger, Bush after September 11 – in which the content of the speech is oriented around the Rhetorical Situation. What are some of the conventions of such a speech?

Types of Speech Aristotle defined three branches of speeches (oratory) 1.) Forensic / Judicial Speech – speech found in courtroom or other legal context 2.) Epideictic Speech –rhetoric concerned with praise or blame 3.) Deliberative Speech – rhetoric aimed at persuading a group of people regarding a course of action or belief

Rhetorical Appeals https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gf81d0YS58E Ethos – character Pathos – emotion Logos – reason / logic

THE RHETORICAL APPEALS

LOGOS Example: Logos is: Greek for “word” An appeal to logic and reason Facts and statistics used for the argument Example: "The data is perfectly clear: this investment has consistently turned a profit year-over-year, even in spite of market declines in other areas."

LOGOS EXAMPLES (LOGOS=LOGIC) "Ladies and gentlemen of the jury: we have not only the fingerprints, the lack of an alibi, a clear motive, and an expressed desire to commit the robbery… We also have video of the suspect breaking in. The case could not be more open and shut." "More than one hundred peer-reviewed studies have been conducted over the past decade, and none of them suggests that this is an effective treatment for hair loss."

PATHOS Pathos is: Example: Greek for “suffering” or “experience” The emotional or motivational appeal Example: "You will never be satisfied in life if you don’t seize this opportunity. Do you want to live the rest of your years yearning to know what would have happened if you just jumped when you had the chance?"

PATHOS EXAMPLES (PATHOS=EMOTIONS) "If we don’t move soon, we’re all going to die! Can’t you see how dangerous it would be to stay?" "I’m not just invested in this community – I love every building, every business, every hard-working member of this town." "There’s no price that can be placed on peace of mind. Our advanced security systems will protect the well-being of your family so that you can sleep soundly at night."

ETHOS Ethos is: Example: Greek for “character” An ethical appeal, based on the character of the author We tend to believe people whom we respect. Example: "You know me – I’ve taught your children for years, babysat your children, and served as a playground director for many summers."

ETHOS EXAMPLES (ETHOS=ETHICS) "As a doctor, I am qualified to tell you that this course of treatment will likely generate the best results." "My three decades of experience in public service, my tireless commitment to the people of this community, and my willingness to reach across the aisle and cooperate with the opposition, make me the ideal candidate for your mayor." "The veterinarian says that an Australian shepherd will be the perfect match for our active lifestyle." "If his years as a Marine taught him anything, it’s that caution is the best policy in this sort of situation."

LOGOS, PATHOS, OR ETHOS? Four out of five dentists recommend Colgate toothpaste for a healthy smile.

LOGOS, PATHOS, OR ETHOS? Eating too quickly will cause a stomach ache.

LOGOS, PATHOS, OR ETHOS? If you loved me, you’d want to make me happy.

LOGOS, PATHOS, OR ETHOS? The Surgeon General warns that smoking can adversely affect your health.

LOGOS, PATHOS, OR ETHOS? Without music, our world would be bleak.

Exercise Now write a paragraph where you use ALL THREE rhetorical appeals. Place brackets [ ] around the logos, “ “ around the pathos, and < > around the ethos.