Intercultural Communication Cultural Identity Zhao Xiuju

Who are you. What makes you who you are Who are you? What makes you who you are? How has your culture helped to make you who you are?

1. The Importance of Identity Contents 1. The Importance of Identity 2. Types of Cultural Identity 3. Characteristics of Cultural Identity 4. Development of Cultural Identity 5. Cultural Identity in ICC

1. The Importance of Identity According to Pinney, a principal objective of one's adolescent years is the formation of an identity, and "those who fail to achieve a secure identity are faced with identity confusion, a lack of clarity about who they are and what their role is in life." Identity development plays a critical role in the individual's psychological well-being.

Reading 1: Which definition do you prefer? 1. The Importance of Identity Reading 1: Which definition do you prefer? Identity is a person’s self definition as a separate and distinct individual, including behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes. ― Gardiner and Kosmitzki Identity is the reflective self-conception or self-image that we each derive from our family, gender, cultural, ethnic, and individual socialization process. ―Ting-Toomey Identity is our self-concept, who we think we are as a person. ― Martin and Nakayama Identity is how the self conceives of itself, and labels itself. ― Mathews

1. The Importance of Identity Video Time & Post-task: Understand China within 10 minutes

2. Types of Cultural Identity 1. Racial Identity 2. Ethnic Identity 3. Gender Identity 4. National Identity 5. Regional Identity 6. Organizational Identity 7. Personal Identity 8. Cyber and Fantasy Identity (Larry A. Samovar, 2015)

Racial Identity 2. Types of Cultural Identity Is commonly associated with external physical traits such as skin color, hair texture, facial appearance, and eye shape.

Racial Identity 2. Types of Cultural Identity "I am a member of the black middle class who has had it with being patted on the head by white hands and slapped in the face by black hands for my success. My life abounds in incongruities. Fresh from a vacation in Paris, I may, a week later, be on the milk-run Trailways bus in Deep South back-country attending the funeral of an ancient uncle whose world stretched only 50 miles and who never learned to read. I run a gauntlet between two worlds, and I am cursed and blessed by both. Whites won’t believe I remain culturally different; blacks won’t believe I remain culturally the same. " The Middle-Class Black’s Burden ( Leanita McClain Newsweek, October 1980)

2. Types of Cultural Identity Ethnic Identity Is derived from a sense of shared heritage, history, traditions, values, similar behaviors, area of origin, and in some instances, language. Muslims conducting their annual hajj pilgrimage by circling around the Kaaba. Chinatown in NY

2. Types of Cultural Identity Gender Identity How a particular culture differentiates masculine and feminine social roles. The meanings and interpretations we hold concerning our self-images and expected other images of 'femaleness'and 'maleness.' skin color, language, weight, clothes, career

Personal Identity age (young, old) 2. Types of Cultural Identity age (young, old) Personal Identity social class (income, occupation, education, manner of speaking) worldview (sense of self, relation to nature, universe)

Cultural Identity is central dynamic complex 3. Charicteristics of cultural identity central (basic, more influential) (not static, fixed, and enduringsubject to change, ) dynamic Cultural Identity is “National identity makes no difference for me. I feel completely international.” complex multifaceted

Cultural Identity is central dynamic complex 3. Charicteristics of cultural identity central dynamic Cultural Identity is (globalization, intercultural marriage, and immigration) complex multifaceted (a student, a friend, a man, a son, a Christian, a brother, etc.)

3. Charicteristics of cultural identity “I’m a black+white+I don’t know what else=both/neither/other, “half” transracially adopted, descendant of people I’ve never met. A freckled, brown-skinned, curly/straight/frizzy brown-haired (with some black, blond, an orange thrown in), German-American raised, Spanish-speaking gringa and multicolorful part-time expatriate. I’m mixed. What I am is ME”

4. Development of Cultural Identity Our identities are shaped by our family life and upbringing, by gender, by the social groups to which we belong.

4. Development of Cultural Identity Stage 1: unexamined cultural identity stage (No awareness of cultural differences and the distinguishing characteristics that differentiate different cultures) Stage 2: cultural identity search (exploration and questioning about one's culture, growing awareness and reinterpretation of everyday experiences) Stage 3: cultural identity achievement (A clear, confident acceptance of oneself and an internalization of one’s cultural identity)

Interaction only within one’s own culture: 5. Cultural Identity in ICC Interaction only within one’s own culture: predictable appropriate accurate familiar Interaction only within one’s own culture: unpredicatbale weird ambiguous unfamiliar

5. Cultural Identity in ICC It influences and guides expectations about your own and others' social roles, and provides guidelines for your communication interaction with others.

The dark side of identity in ICC 5. Cultural Identity in ICC The dark side of identity in ICC Ethnocentrism: the notion that the beliefs, values, norms, and practices of one’s own culture are superior to those of others. Stereotyping: A form of generalization about some group of people. Prejudice: negative attitudes toward other people that are based on faulty and inflexible stereotypes. Discrimination: the behavioral manifestations of prejudice.

5. Cultural Identity in ICC Stereotyping

5. Cultural Identity in ICC Stereotyping

5. Cultural Identity in ICC Stereotyping

5. Cultural Identity in ICC Stereotyping

5. Cultural Identity in ICC

Thank you!