Chapter 12 Eye Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 12 Lesson 12.1 Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12-2

Objectives Identify organs and structures of the eye. Define and spell the word parts related to the eye. Define, pronounce and spell disease and disorder terms related to the eye. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Function of the Eye organs of vision located in a bony protective cavity of the skull called the orbit. Only a small portion of the eye is visible from the exterior. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Anatomy of the Eye Refer to a 3-D model of the eye in this and the next several slides, as you discuss its various anatomical parts. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Visible Surface of the Eye Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Eye sclera: outer protective layer of the eye (white of eye) cornea: transparent anterior part of the sclera choroid: middle layer of the eye iris: the pigmented muscular structure that allows light to pass through pupil: opening in the center of the iris lens: lies directly behind the pupil; focuses and bends light Discuss these structures and their functions. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Eye (cont’d.) retina: innermost layer of the eye, which contains the vision receptors aqueous humor: watery liquid found in the anterior cavity of the eye vitreous humor: jellylike liquid found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape meibomian glands: oil glands found in the upper and lower edges of the eyelids that help lubricate the eye Discuss these structures and their functions. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Eye (cont’d.) lacrimal glands and ducts: produce and drain tears optic nerve: carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain conjunctiva: mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior portion of the sclera Discuss these structures and their functions. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Forms of the Eye blephar/o conjunctiv/o cor/o, core/o, pupill/o corne/o, kerat/o dacry/o, lacrim/o Discuss how to build medical terms related to the eye from these combining forms. Discuss how combining forms cor/o and corne/o are similar but have different meanings. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Forms of the Eye (cont’d.) irid/o, ir/o ocul/o, ophthalm/o opt/o retin/o scler/o Discuss how to build medical terms related to the eye from these combining forms. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Forms Commonly Used with the Eye cry/o dipl/o phot/o ton/o Discuss how to build medical terms related to the eye from these combining forms. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Prefixes and Suffixes Prefixes Suffixes bi-, bin- -opia -phobia -plegia Give examples of how these prefixes and suffixes are used to build medical terms related to the eye. Prefixes bi-, bin- = two Suffixes -opia = vision (condition) -phobia = abnormal fear of or aversion to specific things -plegia = paralysis Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Spelling “ophthalm” Look closely at the spelling of “ophthalm.” Medical terms containing “ophthalm” are often misspelled by omitting the first “h.” “ph” gives the “f” sound followed by the “th” sound of “thal.” Think pronunciation when spelling terms that contain “ophtalm” as in “ofph-thal-MOL-o-ge” Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clicker Question Which is correct? opthalm/o ophthalm/o ophtham/o Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts blepharitis blepharoptosis conjunctivitis dacryocystitis diplopia endophthalmitis iridoplegia iritis keratitis keratomalacia Explain how to break up the term into word parts and define the word parts. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts (con’t) leukocoria oculomycosis ophthalmalgia ophthalmoplegia photophobia retinoblastoma retinopathy sclerokeratitis scleromalacia kerophthalmia Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clicker Question The correct labeling is blefaritis blepharitis Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

This slide shows a child with blepharoptosis This slide shows a child with blepharoptosis. What is the most visible symptom? blepharoptosis Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

This slide shows a child with dacryocystitis, an inflammation of the tear sac. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts amblyopia astigmatism (Ast) cataract chalazion detached retina emmetropia (Em) glaucoma hyperopia macular degeneration myopia nyctalopia nystagmus pinguecula presbyopia pterygium retinitis pigmentosa strabismus sty, stye (hordeolum) Explain how to analyze terms that are not built from word parts. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Detached Retina Discuss the causes of a detached retina. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 12 Lesson 12.2 Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Objectives Define, pronounce and spell surgical terms related to the eye. Define, pronounce and spell diagnostic terms related to the eye. Define, pronounce and spell complementary terms related to the eye. Interpret the meaning of abbreviations related to the eye. Interpret, read and comprehend medical language in simulated medical statements and documents. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts blepharoplasty cryoretinopexy dacryocystorhinostomy dacryocystotomy iridectomy iridotomy keratoplasty sclerotomy Explain how these terms are built and their relation to eye treatments. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Surgical Terms Not Built from Word Parts enucleation LASIK phacoemulsification PRK retinal photocoagulation scleral buckling trabeculectomy vitrectomy Explain how these terms are built and their relation to eye treatments. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts Diagnostic imaging fluorescein angiography Ophthalmic evaluation keratometer ophthalmoscope ophthalmoscopy optometry pupillometer pupilloscope retinoscopy tonometer tonometry Explain how these terms are built and their relation to eye anatomy or treatment. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PRK and LASIK Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is a procedure for the treatment of nearsightedness in which an Excimer laser is used to reshape (flatten) the cornea. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clicker Question Which of the following would be performed during an eye examination in the ophthalmologist’s office? enucleation tonometer retinoscopy Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts binocular corneal intraocular lacrimal nasolacrimal ophthalmic ophthalmologist ophthalmology ophthalmopathy optic pupillary retinal Explain how these terms are built and their relation to eye anatomy or treatment. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts miotic mydriatic optician optometrist visual acuity (VA) Explain how these terms are built and their relation to eye anatomy or treatment. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Abbreviations ARMD Ast EM OPHTH VA Describe the terms to which these abbreviations apply. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Read Medical Terms in Use An elderly gentleman visited his ophthalmologist because of decreased vision. A tonometry examination showed borderline readings. Visual acuity measurement indicated a mild degree of myopia and presbyopia. A diagnosis of glaucoma was suspected in this case and Timoptic eye drops were prescribed, one drop daily. A cataract of the right eye was found. Lens implant surgery will be performed when the cataract matures sufficiently. Approximately 5 years ago the patient had a detached retina of the left eye. A scleral buckling procedure was performed and was successful in halting the process of retinal detachment. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.