Elements and Ions

Vocab Elements – substance that contain only one type of atom Isotope – elements that differ in mass number; elements that differ in the amount of neutrons. Mass number – number of protons plus the number of neutrons Protons – Subatomic particle that is positive and found inside the nucleus of the atom. Neutron - Subatomic particle that is neutral in charge and found in the nucleus of the atom Electron - negative particle outside the nucleus and balances the charge of the protons Ion - An atom that has lost or gained electrons. Subatomic – smaller than an atom Compound – (also known as a molecule) two or more elements chemically combined.

Elements There are three types of elements Metals : Metals Non-metals Metalloids Metals : Metals are solid at room temperature, except mercury Metals are malleable – you can make sheets out of them Metals are ductile – you can make wires out of them Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity Metals make up the majority of the periodic table Metals have luster - shiny

Elements Non – metals: Can be solid, liquids, or gases at room temperature Are not good conductors of heat or electricity No luster- not shiny Very brittle when in solid form Not ductile Not malleable Metalloids – have properties of both metal and nonmetals we will talk about these more later.

Ions Ions are elements that have lost electrons or gain one or more electrons. When an element gains electrons it becomes negative in charge. When an element loses electrons it becomes positive in charge. Metals become positive because they lose electrons when forming compounds. Nometals gain electrons and become negative when forming compounds. Positive Ions are known as Cations. Negative ions are known as Anions.

Practice: Label the following Ions as Cations or Anions Fe+3 Cl - Ag +2 Zn +2 O 2- Br - F - Fr + Ca +2 Cation Anion Cation Cation Anion Anion Anion Cation Cation

Ions Cations: positive ions Anions: negative ions If there is just a plus (+) only one electron has been lost If there is a +2 then 2 electrons have been lost; +3 three electrons have been lost, etc. Anions: negative ions If there is just a negative (-) only one electron has been gained Now if there is a -2 then 2 electrons been gained; -3 three have been gained etc.

Practice In the following ions indicate how many electrons have been lost or gained. Fe+3 Cl - Ag +2 Zn +2 O 2- Br - F - Fr + Ca 2+ 3 electron lost 1 electron gained 2 electrons lost 2 electrons lost 2 electrons gained 1 electron gained 1 electron gained 1 electron lost 2 electron lost

Questions What is an ion? Compare and contrast element and compound

Bell ringer 10/24 Define the following: substance, compound, ion, cation, anion, proton, neutron, electron, element Compare contrast element and ion. List the three types of elements Indicate which is a cation or an anion; how many electrons were lost or gained; and which is a metal and a non-metal of the following ions, finally name the element: Mg2+ I-1 Ti4+ K+

Bell ringer 10/24 Honors Define the following: substance, compound, cation, anion, proton, neutron, electron, element Compare contrast element and ion. List the three types of elements Indicate which is a cation or an anion; how many electrons were lost or gained; and which is a metal and a non-metal of the following ions, finally name the element: Mg2+ I-1 Ti4+ K+ What is an ion? Compare and contrast element and compound.