Computer Concepts I and II Sue Norris Creating A Web Page Computer Concepts I and II Sue Norris
Q:: Markdown vs. HTML
Agenda What is HTML HTML and XHTML Tags Required HTML and XHTML Tags Using Notepad to Create a Simple Web Page Viewing Your Web Page in a Browser Submitting Your Project
Slide Menu HTML XHTML Required HTML Tags XHTML Requirements Creating a Web Page with Notepad Formatting Tags Paragraph Tag Page Background Color Anchor Tag for Links Lists Header Tags Further HTML Training XHTML Addition DOCTYPE Statement Further XHTML Training XHTML Validation Viewing HTML Source Transfer Files to Web Server Tables
Hyper Text Markup Language Every Web Page is Formatted with HTML markup tags HTML Markup tags Tell a Browser How to Display a Web Page A Web Page ALWAYS has a File Extension of htm or html The Browser (ie Internet Explorer, Netscape, Firefox) Reads the HTML tags Sequentially From Top to Bottom and Formats the Page Based On What the Tags Say
XHTML Extensible HyperText Markup Language Almost Identical to HTML 4.01 Stricter and Cleaner Version of HTML Slide Menu
What Do HTML Tags Look Like? <p> </p> paragraph tag <b> </b> bold tag <ul> </ul> unordered list tag <li> </li> list item tag What is Common About HTML Tags? Starting and Ending Tags Data Between the Tags will be Formatted According to the Tag The Starting Tag Starts the Type of Format; the Ending Tag Stops the Type of Format Slide Menu
The Following HTML Tags are Required/Recommended for Every We Pages Required HTML Tags The Following HTML Tags are Required/Recommended for Every We Pages <html> Every Web Page Starts with the <html> tag <head> The Starting <head> tag always follows the <html> tag <title>My First Web Page</title> The title tags encompass the title of your page </head> The Ending </head> tag always follows the ending </title> tag <body> Starting body tag Everything that appears on a web page goes between the <body> and </body> tags </body> Ending body tag </html> Ends every web page Slide Menu
XHTML Additional Requirements All HTML Tags and Tag Elements Must be in lower-case Every HTML Tag Must have a Starting Tag AND an Ending Tag HTML Tags Must be Properly Nested HTML Tag Attributes Must be in Quotes The Id attribute replaces the Name Attribute The DOCTYPE Declaration Should be the First Line in a XHTML Document Slide Menu
Starting a Simple Web Page Using a Text Editor In Window’s, Open Notepad Click Start Button, Click on All Programs, Click on Accessories, Click on Notepad Slide Menu
Notepad Opens Slide Menu
Open TextEdit on the Mac Click Finder on the Dock Click Applications Click on TextEdit ICON to Open Slide Menu
TextEdit Opens Save Your Web Page Slide Menu
Save Your Document Whenever you create a web page, ALWAYS Save Your Web Page First In Windows Click File on the Menu Bar, Click Save, Choose Desktop for Save in, type in Example1.htm in File Name and Click Save NOTE: We are Saving to the Desktop to Make This Easy; You Would Normally Save to a Folder of Choice In Mac Click File on the Menu Bar, Click Save As, Choose Documents for Where, type in Example1.htm in Save As field and Click Save
Type the Following HTML Tags into your Example1.htm document. Type in the Tags Exactly as You See Them Above To Comply with XHTML coding standards: ALL xHTML tags MUST be in lower case ALL tags MUST have a starting tag and an ending tag Save Your Web Page Click File on the Menu Bar, Click Save Minimize the Notepad Window; We Will Come Back to It Slide Menu
Double-Click on the Example1.htm ICON Go to your Desktop You Should See the Example1.htm ICON on your Desktop, Similar to that Below If you Don’t, Go Back to Starting a Web Page and Start Over Double-Click on the Example1.htm ICON Slide Menu
View Your Lovely Work Your Browser Window Should Open with Your Web Page Loaded in It. It if Doesn’t, Go Back to Starting A Simple Web Page slide and Make Sure You Saved Your Page Correctly Slide Menu
Add Formatting to Text Maximize Your Notepad Window Change Your HTML Code To Add the Bold Tag or Other Text Formatting Tag, and So It Looks Similar to the Following NOTE: The Yellow Background is Only to Highlight the Inserted Tag When Done, Save Your Web Page and Minimize the Notepad Window Slide Menu
Double-Click on the Example1.html ICON Go to your Desktop Double-Click on the Example1.html ICON Slide Menu
View Your Work If You Did Everything Correctly, Your Web Page Should Look Similar to the Following and My First should be in Bold. If you Don’t Have this, Go Back to the Add Formatting slide and try again. Slide Menu
Continuing With Your Web Page Create Two Paragraphs with the Paragraph Tag Edit Your Example1.htm file in Notepad to add the two Paragraph Tags that you See Below. Also add the <u></u> and <i></i> tags for Underline and Italics formatting. XHTML RULE: Tags MUST BE Properly Nested. If formatting Starts with <i><u>, the Order of the Ending Tags Must Be: </u></i>. Save Your File and Minimize the Notepad Window Slide Menu
View Your Page Go to Your Desktop and Double-Click the Example1.htm ICON. Your Webpage Should Look Similar to That Shown in the Image Below. If it Doesn’t Go Back to Slide 20 and Make Corrections Slide Menu
Add a Background Color A Webpage Background Color is Added with the bgcolor parameter of the Body Tag Colors are Entered as 6 character hexadecimal numbers Code Must Start with # and be enclosed in “” Go to the Webmonkey site and pick a color that you like and jot down the 6 character hexadecimal code associated with it. Save Your File and Minimize Your Notepad Window Slide Menu
View Your Web Page Go to Your Desktop and Double-Click the Example1.htm ICON. Your Webpage Should Look Similar to That Shown in the Image Below. If it Doesn’t Go Back to the Add a Background Color slide and Make Corrections Slide Menu
Add a Link Links Are Created with the Anchor Tag: <a></a> A Link to the Microsoft web site would look like: <a href=“http://www.microsoft.com/”>Click here</a> to go to the Microsoft Site. This Represents a Link to an External Web Site The Information Between the “ ” s is the Address of the Linked to Page The Information in Yellow and Between the > and </a> is What Appears on the Web Page for the User to Click A Link to Another Page Within the Same Web Site Might Look Like: <a href=“computers.htm”>Computers Page</a> Name of Page is computers.htm No Path is Specified if page is within the same folder as calling Web Page Computers Page is What Will Display on Calling Page for User to Click Slide Menu
Check Your HTML Source Code If you Use a Web-Page Editor, Check the Source Code of Your <A> tag. It Should Look Similar to the Following: <a href=“computers.htm”>Computers Page</a> The following is Incorrect and Won’t Work <a href="file:///C:/....... </a> This is Pointing to a Location on YOUR Hard Drive. When it is Transferred to the Web Server, the Browser will Look for the File at the Same Location on the User’s Hard Drive. Not Likely There.
Try It Maximize Your Notepad Window with Example1.htm Open in It Edit your HTML Code So That It Looks as Pictured Below. Save Your File and Minimize the Notepad Window Slide Menu
View Your Web Page Go to Your Desktop and Double-Click the Example1.htm ICON. Your Webpage Should Look Similar to That Shown in the Image Below. Try Your Link. Does It Go to the Microsoft Site? If it Doesn’t Go Back to the Adding a Link slide, Make Corrections, and Try Again Slide Menu
Creating A List Ordered Lists (numbered) are Created with the OL and LI tags Example of Two Item Unordered List <p>Rivers</p> <ul> <li>Mississippi</li> <li>Missouri</li> </ul> Unordered Lists (bulleted) are Created with the UL and LI tags Example of Two Item Ordered List <p>Rivers</p> <ol> <li>Mississippi</li> <li>Missouri</li> </ol> Slide Menu
Try It Maximize Your Example1.htm Notepad Window and Edit Your HTML Source Code so That it Looks as Below. Save Your File and Minimize Your Notepad Window Slide Menu
View Your Page Go to Your Desktop and Double-Click the Example1.htm ICON. Your Webpage Should Look Similar to That Shown in the Image Below. Do your Lists Look Similar? If They Don’t Go Back to the Creating a List slide, Make Corrections, and Try Again Slide Menu
Adding a Header Tag Header Tags are Used to Emphasize Web Page Sections and Subsections in an Outline Fashion Header Tags Range From H1 to H6 with H1 Being the Largest and H6 the Smallest Examples: <h1>Main Section</h1> <h2>Sub-section</h2> <h3>Sub-sub-section</h3> Slide Menu
Try It Maximize your Example1.htm Notepad Window Edit Your HTML Code To Look as Below Save Your File and Minimize the Window Slide Menu
View Your Work Go to Your Desktop and Double-Click the Example1.htm ICON. Your Webpage Should Look Similar to That Shown in the Image Below. Do You Notice the Heading Difference? If it Doesn’t Go Back to the Adding a Header slide, Make Corrections, and Try Again Slide Menu
Tables Tables are Created with the following tags: TR for table Rows TD for Table Cells In the Example to the Right, a 3 Row, 3 Column Table is Created The Table is 500 pixels wide The Table has a border that is 1 pixel wide. Note: The Information Between the <td> & </td> is Just Padding; You Can Have Anything You Like Open Your Example1.htm file and add the tags for a table. Put whatever data you want into the Cells. Save Your File. See the W3Schools Tutorial Site for Additional Information on Creating Tables Slide Menu
View Your Table Double-click on the Desktop ICON for Example1.htm to View Your Work It Should Look Similar to the Following If It Doesn’t, Go Back and Review Your Tags Slide Menu
Further HTML Training Continue Training at the W3Schools HTML Tutorial Site: http://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp
XHTML Finishing Touches DOCTYPE Statement Required First Statement in XHTML Source Code Three Document Type Definitions (DTD) Supported Strict Transitional Frames Transitional is Most Common Fine for This Class If Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are Used, Strict DTD Should be Used <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> Slide Menu
Add DOCTYPE Statement Open Your Example1.htm Notepad Window and Edit Your HTML Code so That it Looks as Below Save Your Page, Minimize the Window, then Check Your Web Page to Make Sure it Opens Slide Menu
Further XHTML Training Continue Your XHTML Training at: http://www.w3schools.com/xhtml/default.asp Tutorials From Introduction to Validation are Required Slide Menu
XHTML Validation Validate HTML Source Code Several Web Sites Available Verifies If Source Code Conforms to XHTML Standards Pinpoints Errors Offers Recommendations Several Web Sites Available Try: http://validator.aborla.net/ See Web Page Notes for Further Information Slide Menu
Viewing the HTML Source Code of a Web Page The HTML Code of any Web Page Can Easily be Viewed in a Browser In IE, click View on the Menu Bar and Select Source In Mozilla Firefox, click View on the Menu Bar and Select Page Source Slide Menu
Transfer Files to Web Server Use a FTP Program To Transfer Student Web Pages and Files to the Web Server IE FTP Client WS_FTPLE Fetch Most Assignments Also Need to be Posted to the Assignment Dropbox in WebCT Make Sure Your Page Has All Requirements Make Sure Your Link Works That Wasn’t So Hard, Was It Slide Menu
Summary What is HTML HTML Tags Required HTML Tags Creating a Web Page in Notepad Viewing a Web Page in the Browser Submitting Your Web Page Slide Menu