Communication theory Chapter 2 © Pearson 2012
What is communication? Communication is the process by which human beings interact with, and relate to, one another. Any behaviour that is noticed by others is communication, and every communication in some way creates a relationship between those involved. © Pearson 2012
What is a theory? Explains information or behaviour that has been observed. Is useful because it can be applied to questions about observed behaviour to analyse or explain it. Can be used to suggest solutions to problems, or improvements to a situation. Often breaks down the components of a process into its parts and then explains the relationship of these parts. © Pearson 2012
Why a model? Presents a theory in visual form. Simplifies a theory. Can aid our thinking about a concept or idea. Shows the major elements in a process and the relationship of these elements to each other. © Pearson 2012
An interactional model of communication © Pearson 2012
A shared meaning model of communication © Pearson 2012
An integrated model of communication © Pearson 2012
Components of the communication process Participants Sender: the participant transmitting the message. Receiver: the participant receiving the message. Encoding: the translation of a message (thoughts or ideas of the sender) into words or symbols that the receiver will understand. Decoding: the translation by the receiver of words or symbols (the encoded message) into thoughts or ideas. © Pearson 2012
Components of the communication process Channel: the route through which communication takes place. Context: the situation/environment in which communication occurs – includes time, place and socio/psychological factors. Perception: a person’s understanding or interpretation of a particular event/message. © Pearson 2012
Components of the communication process Purpose: what the sender and receiver intend as the outcome of the communication. Barriers (sometimes known as noise): anything that interferes with effective communication. © Pearson 2012
Principles of communication Communication is: a two-way process: we communicate with others a collection of signals: it is more than words always on two levels: content and relational punctuated inevitable irreversible unrepeatable rarely completely understood. © Pearson 2012
Some truths about misconceptions Meanings are in people, not in words. Intention and meaning are not the same. More communication is not always better. Communication will not solve all problems. Communication is not a natural ability. © Pearson 2012