Chapter 4 Lesson 4 Rivalry in North America Day 1

I see, I think, I wonder

I see, I think, I wonder

Rivalry between the French and the British In the 1700s, Britain and France were leading European powers. They competed for wealth and empire in different parts of the world. In North America, their rivalry was very strong. Rivalry turned especially bitter in the mid 1700s.

Land dispute between France and Britain

Land dispute Britain and France both claimed the Ohio River Valley French had a thriving fur trade with Native Americans in this area The French did not want to give this up The British, eyeing the territory, built a fort in western PA (close to Ohio) but before they could finish construction, the French seized it and renamed it Fort Duquesne

Land Dispute In Spring 1754, the governor of VA send a militia (military force of ordinary citizens) to drive the French out of Fort Duquesne. This force is led by a young George Washington VIDEO Washington marched almost to Fort Duquesne and built a fort called Fort Necessity

Attack on Fort Necessity The French, with their Native American allies, attacked Fort Necessity Why would the Native Americans and French become allies? Combined army won the battle and forced Washington’s host to surrender. The French later released the soldiers and they returned to VA

Native American Alliances French and British both sought Native alliances The French had an advantage however Native Americans generally distrusted the British and their hunger for land The French were more interested in trading furs than in acquiring land This required the friendship of the natives to trade French often married Native women

Native American Alliances To counter the threat of the French and their Native allies, the British tried to form an alliance with the Iroquois, the strongest group of tribes in the region. The Iroquois refused an alliance but pledged to not take a side in the conflict

Albany Plan of Union This was an idea by Benjamin Franklin Idea to form a united colonial government in order to counter the French and Native threat Idea never came together. Colonies did not want to give up their individual independence.

The French and Indian War- French enjoyed early success in the war. Turning point came in 1757: William Pitt became Prime Minister of Britain Sent more troops to fight in the war Had Britain pay for the war but intended to tax the colonists afterward in order to pay for the cost The British recaptured Fort Duquesne and renamed it Fort Pitt This would later become Pittsburgh Pennsylvania

End of War The French were defeated at Fort Duquesne Quebec Capturing these two areas enabled British victory

Closure Day 1 Create an original tweet explaining why the French and the Natives became allies. Write a journal as a French or Native American explaining why you’ve allied with the other and why you are fighting the British.

Peace Treaty A peace treaty was signed between Britain and France called THE TREATY OF PARIS This treaty marked the end of France as a power in North America ***TREATY OF PARIS (1763) DOUBLED THE SIZE OF THE BRITISH COLONIES

Treaty of Paris Before and After

New British Policies The French defeat was a blow to Native Americans Refused to pay Natives for their land English settlers moved into Native lands Many Natives saw English as a threat One leader, named, Pontiac Led attacks against settlers in Ohio and Pennsylvania

Native Attacks on English Settlers Pontiac’s War against settlers was successful He and his soldiers harassed the soldiers enough that Britain signed a treaty saying that settlers would be forbidden to move into Native territory They called this border the “Proclamation Line” The “Proclamation Line” was brought about by the “Proclamation Act of 1763.” The line indicated that settlers could not settle west of the Appalachian mountains

Proclamation of 1763 Why did Britain issue this Proclamation? How do you think colonists will feel about this?

Proclamation of 1763 British perspective The British need to protect their colonists. Keeping them from moving into Native Lands will do so. Helped remove a source of conflict Also kept colonists on the coast where they were more easily controlled by the British Stationed additional 10,000 troops to maintain the Proclamation line and control the colonists

Proclamation of 1763 Colonist Perspective Viewed it as a limit on their freedoms They had fought the French alongside the British for seven years, and believed they had earned the right to settle the territory that was won from the French. Viewed the presence of the 10,000 British troops to be a threat to their liberty Distrust began to grow between Britain and the colonies

Outcome of French and Indian War Britain issues Proclamation of 1763 (this angers colonists) Britain is deeply in debt from the war, so they tax the colonies (this angers colonists) Leave 10,000 troops behind to guard Proclamation line (this angers colonists) *what is the common theme here? *what do you think will happen?