States of Matter
Matter Remember matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter can be classified into 3 main states Solid Liquid Gas
Solid Definite shape and definite volume This means they will not take the shape of their container Particles have low energy and vibrate in fixed positions
Liquid Definite volume but indefinite shape This means their volume remains the same but they will take the shape of their container Particles have slightly more energy and can slide past one another
Gas Indefinite shape and indefinite volume The particles will spread out to fill the space provided Particles have lots of energy and move at high speeds in all directions
Plasma Highly charged particles Have the highest amount of energy of all of the states Found in flames, stars, and nuclear reactions
4 States of Matter
Changes of State
Energy and Changes of State Change of State- change of a substance from one physical state to another As a substance moves from one state to another it either gains or loses energy. Endothermic- energy is added to the reaction (eno- put into or added) Exothermic- energy is released from the reaction (exo-exited or released)
Melting: Solid to a Liquid Melting- change of a state from solid to liquid Adding energy to a solid increases the energy and causes the particles to move faster Melting is endothermic Ex. Ice (solid) melts into water (liquid)
Melting Point Melting Point- particles of a solid vibrate so fast they break free and become a liquid Melting Point of water- 0°C
Freezing: Liquid to Solid Freezing- the change of state from a liquid to a solid When the attraction between particles must overcome the motion of particles, the energy is released. Freezing is exothermic Ex. Water (liquid) to Ice (solid)
Sublimation: Solid to a Gas Sublimation- process in which a solid changes directly into a gas The particles have to change from tightly packed to spread out completely and attraction must be completely overcome It is endothermic because energy is gained Ex. Dry ice goes straight to a gas
Phase Change Diagram condensing boiling freezing melting E D 100 C B Temperature º C. B freezing melting Sublimation A Heat (thermal energy)