Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides

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Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides Part I. Noranda District suite

Figure 1. Stratigraphic subdivision and structure of the Blake River Group showing the location of the Noranda Cauldron and VMS deposits (modified after Goutier, 2005; Peloquin, 2005). (PDF = Porcupine Destor fault, PF = Parfouru fault, LPF = La Pause fault, CLF = Cadillac Larder Lake fault, HCF = Hunter Creek fault, BF = Beauchastel fault, HF = Horne fault, AF = Andesite fault, NC = inferred structural margin of the Noranda Cauldron. FPIC(F) signifies the Flavrian segment of the Flavrian-Powell Intrusive Complex, whereas FPIC(P) signifies the faulted-off Powell segment of the subvolcanic intrusive complex. Refer to Table 2 for abbreviations used to denote VMS deposits and significant occurrences

Cross-section (A) and long-section (B) through the Ansil deposit as an example of a typical cone- or mound-shaped massive sulphide lens hosted by a felsic flow lithofacies footwall and overlain by mafic flow lithofacies hanging wall. From Galley et al., 1995. Good example of a massive flow lithofacies-hosted VMS deposit.

Cross-section through the Amulet and Millenbach VMS deposits illustrating the stratigraphic stacking of deposits within basaltic and rhyolitic vent areas, and metal zoning within and between individual VMS deposits as illustrated by the Cu/(Cu+Zn) x 100 ratio. The progressively more Cu-rich character of VMS deposits at depth within the Amulet alteration pipe from 28 at the Upper A, 49 at Lower A, and 60 at the #11 deposit is interpreted to reflect sub-seafloor zone refining due to the continued passage of ascending hydrothermal fluid that dissolved Zn from the lower deposits (replaced by chalcopyrite) to form a more Zn-rich deposit at the seafloor (Upper A).

Volcanic reconstruction of the Millenbach dome complex showing the pronounced structural control on volcanism and hydrothermal discharge that results in a coincidence between volcanic vents and VMS deposits. The Amulet Lower A deposit is localized along a fissure for basalt volcanism whereas the Millenbach VMS deposits occurs along the top of the rhyolite ridge and directly above and along the feeding fissure