Testis, spermiogenesis, hernia canals Dr. Altdorfer: Testis, spermiogenesis, hernia canals

Testis, epididymis Spermatic cord Scrotum Coats of testis Sinus epididymidis Appendix testis – Müller cső Appendix epididymidis – Wolff cső Testicular a. – from abdominal aorta Pampiniform plexus -> IVC (R) -> left renal vein (L)

„Locus minoris resistentiae”

Testis – descensus testis

Coats of the testis  layers of the abdominal wall a) Skin of scrotum <-- skin b) Tunica dartos <-- skin, spf. abdominal fascia  c) Cremasteric fascia (ext. spermatic fascia) <-- Aponeurosis of ext. oblique abd. m. d) Cremaster m. <-- int. oblique, transv. abdominis m.   e) (Int.) spermatic fascia <-- transversalis fascia f) Tunica vaginalis (propria) <-- peritoneum (processus vaginalis)

Inguinal canal: spf. inguinal ring

Inguinal canal: deep inguinal ring

Femoral canal

Spermiogenesis Larsen’s Human Embryology, 2009, Churchill Livingstone

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES SPERMATOGENESIS SPERMIOGENESIS from spermatogonia -- PRENATAL PHASE Primordial germ cells leave the yolk sac and migrate into the genital ridge -- POSTNATAL PHASE Onset at the time of puberty Spermatogonia undergo serial mitotic divisions Growth – primary spermatocytes First meiotic division –> secondary spermatocytes Second meiotic division –> spermatids SPERMIOGENESIS Maturation of spermatids (within Sertoli cells) Formation of SPERM (spermatozoon)

Spermatogenesis Larsen’s Human Embryology, 2009, Churchill Livingstone

Testis and Epididymis Convoluted seminiferous tubules

Histology of testis Convoluted seminiferous tubules Septula testis Lobulus testis

Testis – convoluted seminiferous tubules Leydig cells Myoepithelium Spermatocyte I Spermatocyte II Spermatids Sertoli cell Spermatogonia

Spermatid (Spermatocyte II) Spermatocyte I Spermatogonium Sertoli cell

Testis – straight seminiferous tubules + rete testis

Position of seminiferous epithelial cells

Spermiogenesis - The differentiation of spermatids into sperm (spermatozoa) 4 phases: Golgi phase Cap phase Acrosomal phase Maturation phase

4 phases: Golgi phase Cap phase Acrosomal phase Maturation phase

Structure and components of the mature sperm (spermatozoon) Larsen’s Human Embryology, 2009, Churchill Livingstone

Images: Prof. Dr. Csillag Dr. Székely E. Pálfi