Opener: Complete on page 159 Artist Name Country of Origin Important Fact about Artist Name one important work Important Fact about the Work Eugene Delacroix John Constable Francisco Goya Use your notes to help answer this question.

Opener Artist: Country of Origin: Important Fact about the artist: Eugene Delacroix Country of Origin: France Important Fact about the artist: scenes of war and tragedy Name an important work: Death of Sardanapalus Indentify one important fact about the work: rich/warm colors unite painting

Opener Artist: Country of Origin: Important Fact about the artist: John Constable Country of Origin: England Important Fact about the artist: landscapes Name an important work: The Hay Wain Indentify one important fact about the work: Use of color and space emphasize the countryside

Opener Artist: Country of Origin: Important Fact about the artist: Francisco Goya Country of Origin: Spain Important Fact about the artist: Exposed the truth of subjects/events Name an important work: The Third of May 1808 One important fact about the work (s): communal cruelty

the Age of Romanticism MUSIC

How do characteristics of Romanticism influence music? Emotion: Expansion of formal structures within a composition, making the pieces more passionate and expressive. Music has urgency, intensity, more contrasts in tempo and mood. Common symphonic form: extended orchestral composition 3-4 movements. folk music (stories) Begin to see virtuoso musicians

Ludwig Van Beethoven Seen as a transition artist from Classical to Romantic (structure vs. emotion) Dynamics: extremes of piano & forte Piano writing more dramatic than melodic. Writes a lot in minor keys (sad, melancholy, pain, anger; music not always ‘happy’, bright, or cheerful) Notable pieces from this period were his famous 5th Symphony and Fur Elise

Orchestral Piano

Richard Wagner (1813-1883) * Open your books to page 361. * Use pages 361-364 to answer the 7 questions on your worksheet.

Song to Identify on your exam: The Ride of the Valkyries Richard Wagner (1813-1883) 1. Myth, Music, Poetry, Drama, and Pictoral design…. Gesamtkunstwerk 2. Opera itself (it’s commercialism) 3. A) The primary importance of the orchestra over the singing B) the Leitmotif as unifying element C) Chromatic, or colored, harmonies 4. Distinct melody or melodic fragment associated with a character, object, or idea 5. Yearning, love-death, transcendental bliss 6. Chromatic scale; Dissolved traditional tonality and gives music emotionalism 7. The Ring of the Nibelung…. 16 hours  Song to Identify on your exam: The Ride of the Valkyries

Richard Wagner 1813 – 1883 Born in Leipzig, Germany Personality: Flamboyant egoist (thinks he is the shiz) Associated with anti-Semitism and later idolized by Nazis Music Terms he introduced: Gesamtkunstwerk – total work of art – opera Leitmotifs - musical themes to introduce characters Famous Works: Ride of the Valkyries Der Ring des Nibelungen The Wedding March (Bridal Chorus) from Lohengrin http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-arts-and-culture/music/75247/muted/#

Der Ring des Nibelungen (1876) Famous Work: Ride of the Valkyries. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xeRwBiu4wfQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yxiv3CBMS4M Wagner Synopsis: The Ride begins in the prelude to the Act. The curtain rises to reveal a mountain peak where four of the eight Valkyrie sisters of Brünnhilde have gathered in preparation for the transportation of fallen heroes to Valhalla. Romantic Characteristics: Subject taken from folk story High emotions shown through dramatic crescendos with emphasis on brass instruments Music has urgency to it, intensity, and more contrasts in tempo and mood throughout the piece

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Music meets Dance Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 1840 – 1893 Born in Votkinsk, Russia Composed music for “Classical ballet” Classical ballet is a full length ballet performed by a corps de ballet (a large company of dancers) These works are choreographed and performed almost the exact same way for years/centuries to come. Majors ballets include Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty, and The Nutcracker.

Tchaikovsky’s Nutcracker: Dance of the Sugarplum Fairy Song for the Listening Portion of the exam: Tchaikovsky’s Nutcracker: Dance of the Sugarplum Fairy ht

Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake: Dance of the Four Swans http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=giMQ05Q97mU

the Age of Romanticism BALLET

Romanticism in Ballet Subject Matter: Supernatural Earlier Times Distant Lands Folk Stories Invention of gaslight which creates varying moods (lighting!) Reflection of the Time: Rising cult of the ballerina As women gained more rights in society, women were featured and developed a specialized technique

Cult of the Ballerina New Innovations to Ballet Pointe Shoes: Supportive shoes made of wood; allows ballerinas to dance on their toes a strictly female characteristic of ballet Shortened Skirts: used to display the ballerina’s technique (specifically her feet/ankles) Emphasis on Women: Ballerinas were lifted by male partners or by wires to emphasize their lightness and delicacy. This created an element of fantasy. Answer the following in your notes: How do these innovations surround the status of women during this time?

Romeo and Juliet http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yg4c60wxmLw Pg. 160 in your VPA notebook As you watch this scene from Romeo and Juliet, answer the following questions: 1. What was the inspiration for this ballet? 2. Name two innovations that emphasize the focus of the ballerina that you see in this clip. 3. How is this an example of a Romantic ballet? 4. Would ballet have become so popular if there had not been the development of Romantic music? Why or why not? (Think about the major characteristic of Romantic music!)

the Age of Romanticism THEATER Pg. 158

Romanticism in Theater Actors and actresses are now more important than playwrights More rehearsals Technological influences: Larger theater due to larger productions Lit with gas Steam-engine People could travel to see plays New factories= new jobs = money to go to the theater Urbanization: people needed entertainment in the cities theaters opened in new places that previously had no form of theater and actors begin tours around the United States

Romanticism in Theater Types: Three Types Romantic Plays needed no rules (rejected the “rules” of Neoclassical theater) no subject matter was inappropriate conflict occurred between the character’s spiritual and creative wishes and their physical ability Romantic: Part of Your World http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pPUmv3U2XY

Romanticism in Theater Type Two: Melodramas designed to pull the heart-strings of the audience by pitting good characters against bad characters – heroes against villains. Full of over-the-top, dramatic expression; reintroduction of stock characters. Lady in the Tramp: We Are Siamiese http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rlQYqQs0R3w

Romanticism in Theater http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwZEcdBMLLU Type Three: Well-Made Plays Structure builds to a climax through a development of plot events that take place logically in a cause and-effect fashion the audience knows all of the information to know the characters; events are foreshadowed. Beauty and the Beast: Something There

Can you indentify the different types of Romantic plays? CLIPS: Lady and the Tramp Little Mermaid Beauty and the Beast Pg. 160 in your VPA notebook http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pPUmv3U2XY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwZEcdBMLLU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rlQYqQs0R3w

Romantic Music, Ballet, and Theater Brief Review 1. What is “gesamtkunstwerk?” Who developed it? 2. What was one of the most important inventions in 19th century theater? How did it affect the “mood?” 3. What is corps de ballet? 4. Why did ballerinas begin to wear shorter skirts? What is the difference between Romantic plays and Well-made plays? Song #1 - Identify the song and composer of the music played. Song #2 - Identify the song and composer of the music played. Pg. 160 in your VPA notebook