Creating a Positive Learning Environment for Everyone Be respectful of your classmates Save conversation for clicker portions of lecture Put cell phones in “airplane” mode Turn off tablets Close laptops

Announcements Lab tomorrow! Must have lab apron and goggles! Must follow proper safety procedures and dress code. (state law) LON-CAPA HW #1 (Type 1) due tonight by 7:00pm LON-CAPA HW #1 (Type 2) due tomorrow by 7:00pm Pre-lecture Assignment 2 due Thursday by 8:00 am Textbook homework and lab write-up due Friday in discussion

Clicker #1 Which of the following best describes the substance XeF4? I. Element II. Molecule III. Compound IV. Heterogeneous mixture V. Homogeneous mixture A) III only B) I, II C) II, III, IV D) II, III, V E) II, III Element – cannot be broken down into simpler substances Molecule – two or more atoms joined together and acting as a unit Compound – composed of two or more different elements Mixtures – two or more pure substances acting “independent” of each other (not reacting) Pure substance – has constant composition; can be an element or a compound Heterogeneous mixture – has different properties from those of other regions (e.g., oil/vinegar dressing) Homogeneous mixture – same throughout (e.g., sugar water)

Dalton’s Theory All matter is made of atoms. Atoms of the same element are the same (atoms of different elements are different). Atoms are indestructible. Chemical reactions are rearrangements of atoms. Compounds are combinations of atoms.

Clicker #2 Which of the following statements regarding Dalton’s atomic theory are still believed to be true? I. Elements are made of tiny particles called atoms. II. All atoms of a given element are identical. III. A given compound always has the same relative numbers and types of atoms. IV. Atoms are indestructible. A) I only B) I, II, III C) I, III D) II, III, IV E) II, IV

Clicker #3 Dalton’s theory does not explain: A) why water is “sticky” (attracted to itself). B) why some elements are diatomic. C) why elements have different reactivities. D) why some elements or compounds conduct electricity. E) any of the above.

Clicker #4 How many of the following are true regarding the number of protons in an atom? I. Identifies the element. II. Gives the number of electrons in a neutral atom. III. Gives the number of neutrons in a neutral atom. IV. Tells the element’s atomic number. A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4

Periodic Table Symbol, name, number of protons (all of these are related) Number of electrons in a neutral atom Metals and non-metals Charges for common ions (when forming compounds)

Periodic Table

Periodic Table

By the Exam… Know the polyatomic ions and charges (Table 5.4). Know common ions and symbols (Tables 5.1 and 5.2). The charges for these come from the periodic table. Know prefixes (Table 5.3).

Some Polyatomic Ions (Memorize! Table 5.4 pg. 101) Ammonium NH4+ Sulfate SO42- Hydroxide OH- Sulfite SO32- Nitrate NO3- Phosphate PO43- Nitrite NO2- Phosphite PO33-

Nonmetal-nonmetal Prefixes (Memorize – Table 5.3 pg. 95) 1 (not first atom) Mono 6 Hexa 2 Di 7 Hepta 3 Tri 8 Octa 4 Tetra 9 Nona 5 Penta 10 Deca