AIM: How are Proteins important to our Body?

What is another category of organic molecules? Proteins

Proteins have many functions: Proteins are enzymes, found in cell membrane, make up antibodies, and much more

What are proteins made up of? Proteins are made up of polymers of amino acids Which elements are Amino Acids made from? Each amino acid monomer, consists of a central carbon atom bonded to 4 partners.

The four parts of an amino acid: Backbone- the carbon hydrogen bond Carboxyl Group (COOH)- a group with acidic properties. 3) Amine Group (NH2)- a group with basic properties 4) R-Group- distinguishes one amino acid from another (there are 20 R-groups & 20 amino acids)

Note the amino, carboxyl, and side group

What are Functional Groups: Carboxyl groups and amino groups are classified as Functional Groups. Functional Groups are groups of atoms that interact with other atoms/molecules in predictable ways

How do we build proteins? The functional groups of proteins interact with each other to form polymers of amino acids (proteins). Dehydration Synthesis

What are Polypeptides? Polypeptides are chains of amino acids Proteins are long chains of polypeptides

How many amino acids are there? There are only 20 amino acids, but there are millions of different types of proteins.

Protein Shape: The sequence (order) of amino acids in a protein determine its shape 2) The shape of a protein determines its activity

What does Denaturation mean? An unfavorable change in temperature, pH, or some other quality of the environment can cause a protein to unravel and lose its normal shape Denatured proteins do not function properly!

Why are proteins organic? Polymers of amino acids Examples: enzymes hormones hemoglobin

The diagram below provides some information concerning proteins. Which phrase is represented by A? sequence of amino acids 3. sequence of starch molecules sequence of simple sugars 4. sequence of ATP molecules Which statement concerning proteins is not correct? 1. Proteins are long, usually folded, chains. 2. The shape of a protein molecule determines its function. 3. Proteins can be broken down and used for energy. 4. Proteins are bonded together, resulting in simple sugars. Which statement concerning simple sugars and amino acids is correct? 1. They are both wastes resulting from protein synthesis. 2. They are both building blocks of starch. 3. They are both needed for the synthesis of larger molecules. 4. They are both stored as fat molecules in the liver.