Exosome-enclosed microRNAs in exhaled breath hold potential for biomarker discovery in patients with pulmonary diseases  Anirban Sinha, MSc, Amit Kumar.

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Exosome-enclosed microRNAs in exhaled breath hold potential for biomarker discovery in patients with pulmonary diseases  Anirban Sinha, MSc, Amit Kumar Yadav, MSc, Samarpana Chakraborty, MSc, S.K. Kabra, MD, R. Lodha, MD, Manish Kumar, MSc, Ankur Kulshreshtha, MTech, Tavpritesh Sethi, MBBS, Rajesh Pandey, PhD, Gaurav Malik, BTech, Saurabh Laddha, MSc, Arijit Mukhopadhyay, PhD, Debasis Dash, PhD, Balaram Ghosh, PhD, Anurag Agrawal, MD, PhD  Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  Volume 132, Issue 1, Pages 219-222.e7 (July 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.035 Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 EBC miRNAs are potential biomarkers and contained in exosomes. A, Correlation bubble plot of miRNA expression between the healthy and asthma groups. Color (red to blue) and size (small to large) denote sample counts in the asthma and healthy groups, respectively. miRNAs with high sample counts (large blue circles) were selected from the regions away from the unity line with a fold change of 2 or greater (axes truncated; see the extended legend for Fig 1 in this article's Online Repository at www.jacionline.org for details). B, Scatter plot of miRNA expression between the asthma and tuberculosis groups. Red and blue circles indicate miRNAs overexpressed and underexpressed in asthmatic patients with respect to healthy subjects, respectively. Black circles indicate miRNAs with no differential expression in the 3 groups. C, Fluorescence of CD9/MHC-II measured by means of fluorescence-activated cell sorting confirming that EBC contains exosomes. CellSup, Cell culture supernatant (positive control). PBS is the negative saline control. D, Relative miRNA content of the exosome (CD63 pellet) and nonexosome (supernatant), confirming that exosomes contain the majority of miRNAs. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 132, 219-222.e7DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.035) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Heat map showing differential expression of genes (x-axis, column) in nasal scrapings across 6 healthy subjects (N) and 21 asthmatic patients (A). The gene expression values were rescaled to lie between an arbitrarily selected range of 0 to 1. The numeric values were shown as colors indicating the relative expression of genes, with red being the most expressed and green being the least expressed. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 132, 219-222.e7DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.035) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E1 A, The forward scatter (FSC)–side scatter (SSC) plot shows the bead selection for detection of bead-bound exosomes. The selected region marks the region for further analysis across various groups. B, Exosomal marker proteins (Tsg-101 and Alix) are seen in anti-CD63 antibody–coated beads in comparison with uncoated beads. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 132, 219-222.e7DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.035) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E2 The most significant pathways reflected from the predicted gene list of the significant miRNAs using DAVID. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 132, 219-222.e7DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.035) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig E3 Asthma is reflected as one of the most important pathways from the differentially regulated epithelial genes in asthmatic patients and healthy subjects. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013 132, 219-222.e7DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.035) Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions