FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT CHAPTER 1 FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT

LESSON 1: Purposes and Origins of Government Essential Question: What are the purposes of government?

“Government is not the solution to our problems “Government is not the solution to our problems. Government is the problem.” Ronald Reagan Answer in your notes: Do you agree with this? Why do many Americans dislike the government? Could society exist without government?

What is Government and Anarchy? Define in your terms Anarchy is a state without government and laws Government is an institution through which leaders exercise power to make and enforce laws affecting the people under its control.

President Abraham Lincoln believed that the purpose of government was to do for the people what they could not do for themselves.

Functions of Government 1) Providing Leadership 2) Maintaining Order 3) Providing Public Services 4) Providing National Security 5) Providing Economic Security and Economic Assistance .

Nation, State, and Country Define in your Key Terms: Nation Sizeable group of people who believe themselves united by common bonds of race, language, custom, or religion. Example: Kurds in Iraq (do not have their own country)

Define in Key Terms State – from Greek philosopher Aristotle A political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government (also a country) Example: The United States of America Sovereignty Supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries

Characteristics of a State What makes the United States (or any other country) “one nation?” Population Territory Government Sovereignty – **

Origins of the State The Force Theory The force theory states that one person or a small group took control of an area and forced all within it to submit to that person’s or group’s rule. The Evolutionary Theory The evolutionary theory argues that the state evolved naturally out of the early family. Example: Abraham as “father of all nations” in Christianity, Islam, and Judaism.

Origins of the State cont. The Divine Right Theory The theory of divine right holds that God created the state and that God gives those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule. The Social Contract Theory The social contract theory argues that the state arose out of a voluntary act of free people.

Queen Elizabeth I of England

King Louis XVI of France

King Henry V Holy Roman Emperor

Comparing Thomas Hobbes and John Locke - Social Contract Theory PUT IN YOUR KEY TERMS Thomas Hobbes and John Locke both believed that people surrendered to the state the power needed to maintain order. Locke believed that people had the right to break that contract when government failed to preserve the rights of people. Hobbes did not believe that right.

Chapter 1, lesson 1 Questions Name the five functions of government and explain. Name the four essential features of a state and explain. Name the four theories of government and explain. Which theory is the government of the United States based on? Which theory did Thomas Hobbs and John Locke accept and expand? On page 11, answer questions 1, 2 & 4 DUE AT THE END OF CLASS TODAY, FAILURE TO DO SO WILL RESULT IN POINTS LOST.

Additional Information on Scottish Independence Video and Questions

Answer to #4 on Scottish Independence Video Worksheet The vote DID happen on Sept. 18, 2014. The NO’s won with 2,001,926 (55.3%) The YES’ lost with 1,617,989 (44.7%)

LESSON 2: Types of Government Essential Question: What principles guide different types of government?

Chapter 1, Lesson 2 Complete the following chart

Systems of Governments UNITARY SYSTEM Gives all key powers to the central government Examples: Japan, France, and Bolivia Advantages: Centralized power is the advantage. Disadvantage: Less power given to local government. **

CONFEDERATE SYSTEM A loose union of independent and sovereign states Example: early United States; Confederate States of America during Civil War Advantage: It gave MORE power to the states. Disadvantage: A very weak central government.

Systems of Governments FEDERAL SYSTEM Divides the powers of government between the national and state or provincial government. Advantage: How it shares power among different levels while still having more centralized power Disadvantage: Each level of government can make its own laws The United States has Federal System!!!! **

Types of Governments 1. Constitutional Government A constitution is a plan that provides the rules for government. Sets out ideals that the people believe in and share. “We The People” Est. the structure of government and defines the gov’ts powers and duties. Provides the supreme law for the country. May be written or unwritten United States has the oldest written constitution (1787) Ratified in 1788 **

Constitutional Government (cont.) A government in which a constitution has authority to place clearly recognized limits on the powers of those who govern.

Types of Governments (cont.) 2. Authoritarian Governments Autocracy: single ruler (power by force or inheritance) Totalitarian: tries to control all aspects of life (Hitler’s Germany; Stalin’s Soviet Union) 3. Monarchy: King, Queen or Emperor – exercise supreme powers of government -Absolute Monarchy – complete and unlimited power to rule their people. Example: King of Saudi Arabia (rare now – common in the 1400-1700’s) -Constitutional Monarchs – share governmental powers with elected legislatures or just ceremonial leaders. Example: Great Britain

Types of Governments (cont.) 4. Democratic Governments Democracy: Any system of government in which rule is by the people. Direct: people actually vote on issues. Representative: people elect reps to decide issues. Key idea is people hold sovereign power. “Gov’t of the people, by the people, and for the people” Abraham Lincoln In the United States, we are a representative democracy that does not have a monarch in charge, which makes us a Republic. **

Principles of Democracy Citizen Participation Regular Free & Fair Elections Accepting the Results of Elections The Rule of Law Majority Rule with Minority Rights Accountability Transparency Limited Government and Bill of Rights Control of the Abuse of Power Economic Freedom Equality Individual or Human Rights Independent Judiciary Competing Political Parties

Using a plain piece of paper, draw the chart on page 13 & answer the critical thinking questions under the chart. Turn in at the back table.

LESSON 3: The Role of Government in Economic Systems Essential Question: What is the role of government in different types of economic systems?

Fundamentals of Economics Economics is the study of how people and nations use their limited resources to attempt to satisfy wants and needs. In every society, governments guide economies.

Capitalism 5 Main Characteristics Private ownership and control of property and economic resources Free Enterprise Competition among businesses Freedom of Choice The possibility of Profits Who is the Father of Economics? First person to answer gets 5 bonus points>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> **

Mixed Market Economies Free enterprise combined with support by government agencies in the marketplace. This is what the American Economy is.

Socialism The government owns the basic means of production, determines the use of their sources, distributes products and provides services.

Democratic Socialism The Socialists who believed in peaceful changes wanted to work with in the democratic political system to improve economic conditions. Examples: Tanzania, Denmark, Norway & Sweden

Communism Believes in collective (group) ownership and a planned economy. The theory is that everybody pools their resources and labor to evenly distribute everything. Karl Marx!!!

Chapter 1, lesson 3 Complete questions in your Ch. 1 Packet for the 1-3 Quiz. Next we will watch the video clip and answer questions for “Communism vs. Free Market.” Then review for Ch. 1 Test.