IMMUNE SYSTEM SPECIFIC RESPONSE Life Science

RECOGNIZING PATHOGENS There are billions of different lymphocytes (white blood cells) Each have receptors for different antigens Antigens are pieces of a pathogen that identify a cell as foreign

IMMUNE RESPONSE 2-part attack Starts with an initial response Initial T-Cell production B-Cell production

INITIAL RESPONSE macrophage engulfs pathogen and puts antigens on its surface Helper T-cell binds to antigen

INITIAL RESPONSE Macrophage releases a chemical (INK-1) which causes the Helper T-cell to release INK-2

* INK-2 causes T-cell and B-cell Production Initial response INK-2 INK-2 B-Cell production T-Cell production * INK-2 causes T-cell and B-cell Production

T-Cell Response

T-Cell Response Production of more Helper T Cells and production of Cytotoxic T Cells Cytotoxic T Cell (killer T cell): punctures and kills infected body cells.

T-Cell Response

Initial response T-Cell production B-Cell production

B-Cell Response

B-Cell Response Most B-cells produce and secrete antibodies that deactivate viruses and clump them making it easier for macrophages to engulf and destroy them

HUMORAL Some B-cells become memory cells and store information about pathogen for long term defense

HUMORAL When exposed to a pathogen a 2nd time memory cells immediately recognize and destroy it before it causes illness.

Vaccines Immunity: ability to resist an infectious disease Vaccination: introduction of antigens into body to cause immunity

Vaccines Vaccine: solution of dead or weakened pathogens

Vaccines Antigens produce a primary immune response Memory cells created provide quick secondary immune response if antigen enters body again. Some Diseases that have been controlled through vaccines: polio, measles, mumps, tetanus, and small pox Measles Small Pox Polio

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