Put these on the back of your table Periodic Table Notes Put these on the back of your table

Columns (vertical) Rows (horizontal) # 1-18 (groups or families) Have similar but not identical properties Rows (horizontal) #1-7 (periods) Elements in a period are not alike in properties Patterns from left to right First elements in column (left) very reactive Last elements in column (right) always an un-reactive gas Elements become less metallic from left to right

Valence Valence number is the number of electrons in the outermost energy level. This number will indicate how many bonds an elements is able to make. Roman numeral number on periodic table Family 1= 1 v.e. 14 = 4 v.e. 17= 7 v.e. 2= 2 v.e. 15 = 5 v.e. 18 = 8 v.e. 13 = 3 v.e. 16 = 6 v.e.

Metals (95 of 118 elements) middle/left side of periodic table Properties Luster, ductility (ability to bend into a wire), malleability (ability to pound into thin sheets), good conductors of heat and electricity Valence of 1,2,3,4. Tend to lose electrons (thus becoming cations Most “corrode”- react chemically

Nonmetals (right side of periodic table) Properties No luster, dull, do not conduct heat/electricity Brittle- break easily, not ductile or malleable Valence # 5,6,7,8 will gain 3,2, or 1 electron (s), thus becoming an anion

Metalloids- both sides of the zigzag line on the periodic table Properties Properties of both metals and nonmetals Solids can be dull or shiny Will conduct electricity/heat, but not as well as metals

Rare Earth elements (transition metals) Lanthanoid series Soft, high luster and conductivity Actinoid series All radioactive, all except for first 4 are manmade

Alkali Metals (family 1) BROWN Valence number of 1. Very reactive, especially with water So reactive, that if touched they will burn skin Easily form salts with halogens. They are never found in their pure forms in nature. Soft, silver-white, low melting points. Good conductors. Each metal gives off a different color when burned. (Li=crimson color, Na= yellow, K=violet, Rb= red/violet, Cs=blue.)

Alkali Metals cont… Little is known about Fr because it is so rare and radioactive Uses= Li-grease/lubricants, aircraft parts, and batteries. Na= salt, gasoline. K- fertilizer, photography (more expensive than Na, so is less widely used.

Alkaline Earth Metals (family 2) ORANGE Valence of 2-lose electrons, not as reactive as family 1 Soft silver-white, high melting points, high densities. Reactive and will react with water. Will oxidize or tarnish in the air Never found in pure forms. Good conductor of electricity. Each element burns a different color Mg=white, Ca=orange/red, Sr= bright red, Ba= yellow/green, Ra= crimson

Alkaline Earth metals cont.. Uses= fireworks, Be is often added to other metals to make hard metal alloys, rocket cones, and nuclear reactors. Mg= aircraft and photographic equipment. Ca= used with other metals to make reactive alloys. Ra= radioactive so used in cancer treatment.

Transition elements/ Metals (family 3-12) PINK Largest family on the periodic table. All are metals. Most are hard, strong, shiny metals with high melting and boiling points. (Hg is the exception, since it is liquid at room temperature) Most are good conductors of heat/electricity Most will dissolve in acid (Au is the exception because it resists acids)

Transition Metals cont… Most can bond with oxygen in more than one way making different compounds (ex. Fe bonds with O to form the ores hermanite and magnetite) Most are ductile and malleable Uses= due to their ability to form strong metal alloys, ductility, and malleability these elements are used in construction materials, pipes, wires, coins, jewelry, aircraft, cars, bicycles, cooking utensils etc… Widely used compounds such as cleaners, catalytic converters and added to paint for color.

Boron Family (family 13) BLUE and PURPLE Valence of 3 electrons. B= metalloid, Al most abundant metal and is the 3rd most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. Carbon Family ( family 14) GREEN, BLUE, PURPLE Valence of 4 electrons, Carbon is basis of life and makes carbon compounds like sugars and starches Si (metalloid) is 2nd most abundant element in Earth’s crust, used for glass, cement and electronics

Nitrogen Family (family 15) GREEN, BLUE, and PURPLE Valence of 5 electrons. N makes up 78% of the atmosphere. Stable and not easily bonded with others. Used for fertilizers, explosives, medicines, and dyes. Oxygen Family (family 16) GREEN and BLUE Valence of 6 electrons. O is most abundant element in Earth’s crust, 2nd most abundant in atmosphere. O will combine with almost every other element. O3 is ozone( protective layer of atmosphere)

Halogen Family (family 17) PEACH Valence of 7 electrons, family of poisonous non-metals, very reactive, never found in their pure form. Reactivity decreases as atomic number increases. Poor conductors of electricity. Will combine with alkali metals to form a family of salts

Halogens cont… Uses= F added to toothpaste and water to prevent tooth decay. Will combine to form nuclear fuel. Cl used in bleach and salts. Br is a gasoline additive, photo developer, fire retardant, kills germs in water. I added to salts to reduce thyroid disease, film developer disinfectant. At is very rare and radioactive with no uses

Noble Gases (family 18) YELLOW Valence of 8 electrons, all are colorless, odorless, and tasteless gases. Extremely un-reactive. He, Ne, Ar will not combine with other elements. Xe, Kr, Rn will combine, but its difficult. When electric current is passed through Neon it glows. He is lighter than air and floats.