SUPRASEGMENTAL PHONEME LETS STUDY …

Types of phoneme Phoneme Segmental Suprasegmental

Segmental Phoneme Is a phoneme which can be segmented . Example : Indonesian Word “pasar” can be segmented into /p/, /a/, /s/, /a/, /r/. So, it has five segmental phonemes

Suprasegmental phonemes Is a phoneme which can’t be segmented or separated because it may change the meaning. It equips the segmental phonemes. The examples are; Stress Intonation Juncture

Stress Is the emphasis placed on the sound or syllable spoken most forcefully in a word or phrase. Example: Distinctions occur between verbs and nouns e.g. ‘insult and in’sult – ‘rebel and re’bel. In such cases the noun is always stressed on the first syllable while the verb is stressed on the second syllable. Similarly, the stress may distinguish between an adjective and a verb e.g. ‘abstract and ab’stract.

Level of stress 1. Primary stress: The characteristic of stressed syllable that results from pitch movement or tone and gives the strongest type of stress. Ex: around 2. Secondary stress: It is weaker than primary stress but stronger than unstressed syllable. Ex: photographic 3. Unstressed : The weakest characteristic of stressed syllable. Ex: poetic

intonation Is the sound pattern of phrases and sentences produced by pitch variation in the voice

identify the following intonations Rising Intonation means the pitch of the voice increases over time [↗]; Falling Intonation means that the pitch decreases with time [↘]; Dipping Intonation falls and then rises [↘↗]; Peaking Intonation rises and then falls [↗↘].

Rising Intonation This intonation or tone conveys an impression that something more is following. Example: |I came to her house | (but she was not at home)

Falling Intonation The falling tone gives an impression of finality. No more sentence to be said. Example : - |That is all my speech |

Dipping Intonation This tone shows limited agreement, response with reservation, uncertainty, or doubt Example :    |I am not sure |

Example : |What is the hell? | Peaking Intonation This tone is used to convey strong feelings of approval, disapproval or surprise. Example :   |What is the hell? |

Function of Intonation ATTITUDIDAL FUNCTION : Expresses our feeling, attitudes, emotions . ACCENTUAL FUNCTIONS : Intonation has accentual function, it implies that the placement of stress is somewhat determined by intonation. GRAMMATICAL FUNCTIONS : The listener is better able to recognize the grammar and syntax structure of what is being said by using the information contained in the intonation. THE DISCOURSE FUNCTIONS OF INTONATION : Intonation can indicate when the speaker is indicating some sort of contrast or link with material in another tone unit and kind of response is being expected from him.

JUNCTURE is a joining or a joint. It’s also a point or line at which two bodies are joined. It used to refer to the manner of transition from one vowel or consonant to another.

Type of juncture 1. INTERNAL JUNCTURE is identifies a type of juncture that occurs within a phrase. Linguists recognize two internal juncture: A.INTERNAL CLOSE JUNCTURE is the normal transition from one phoneme to the next within an utterance. Example:“TRAIN” the close juncture is determined by the manner of transition / t / to / r /. B. INTERNAL OPEN JUNCTURE is manner of transition which contrasts with close juncture. It is a phoneme since it serves to keep meanings apart. Example : A NAME : / n é y m /,

2. Terminal Juncture The term terminal juncture is refers to a juncture that occurs AT THE END OF SENTENCES AND PHRASES. This is also called EXTERNAL JUNCTURE. There are three terminal junctures .The three junctures are “FINAL”; they close utterances or parts utterances.

AS MY FINAL COMMENT, MOST OF YOU HAVE DONE A VERY GREAT JOB.